E/CN.4/1998/6
page 13
54.
A substantial proportion of communications relating to religions,
religious groups and communities in the field of religion and belief in a
minority situation within a State or particular region also concern the
category: “All religions, all religious groups and communities except the
official or State religion or the predominant religion”.
55.
Islam constitutes the fourth category affected by violations and is
followed in descending order by Buddhism, Judaism and the category “All
religions, all religious groups and communities”.
56.
Over and above this classification and analysis, it is quite clear that
no religion, religious group or community is immune from violations, and that
intolerance is not the monopoly of a particular State, category of States,
religion, religious group or community.
57.
A second analysis consists in examining communications in the light of
the principles, rights and freedoms enunciated in the 1981 Declaration. This
approach has established six categories of violations covering the States
referred to in this report.
58.
The first category concerns violations of the principle of
non-discrimination in the matters of religion and belief. It involves
allegations concerning discriminatory policies and/or legislation in the field
of religion and belief.
(a)
In Myanmar, Christians in the state of Chin are alleged to be
victims of a discriminatory policy;
(b)
In the Russian Federation, provincial legislation and regulations
are said to impose restrictions on the activities of religious minorities.
The Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations of 23 June 1997
allegedly contains provisions liable to undermine the official recognition and
activities of religious groups and communities not belonging to the Russian
Orthodox Church. President Yeltsin initially vetoed this law on the ground
that it jeopardized religious freedom in particular, but it was finally
adopted in September 1997;
(c)
In Kuwait, according to allegations from several sources,
citizenship is denied to non-Muslims;
(d)
In Brunei Darussalam, the Comoros, Kuwait, Mauritania, Oman,
Qatar, Somalia, Uzbekistan and Yemen, non-Muslims are allegedly subjected to
restrictions in religious matters (see fourth category).
59.
Other examples of violation of the principle of non-discrimination are
found in allegations concerning refusal to grant official recognition to
certain religious groups and communities (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Latvia,
Uzbekistan). There are also allegations of legal bans against certain
religious groups and communities (cf. Jehovah's Witnesses in Gabon and
Indonesia). In Thailand, the textbooks in State schools allegedly contain
information on Buddhism only. In Switzerland, State schools in some cantons
are said to have courses on the Church of Scientology in which it is described