A/77/238 VI. International conservation measures and processes 1. Post-2020 global biodiversity framework 28. In 2020, the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity issued a final assessment of the rate of implementation of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The 20 global targets were established in 2010 as part of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, with the aim of addressing the drivers of biodiversity loss, including deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, pollution, habitat loss and invasive species, while increasing protected areas and the integration of biodiversity into policymaking. Among the targets set by the parties to the Convention was the expansion of protected area coverage to at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas by 202 0. 29. In its final assessment report, the secretariat concluded that, globally, none of the 20 targets had been fully achieved, but six targets had been partially met. The secretariat observed that the increased proportion of the planet’s land and oceans designated as protected areas was likely to reach the targets for 2020, but that progress had been modest in ensuring that protected areas safeguarded the most important areas for biodiversity and were equitably and effectively managed. 14 30. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has also warned about the rapid unprecedented decline in biodiversity and the fact that 1 million species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction. 15 31. The secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services have demonstrated in their analysis that opportunities for effective action have been missed owing to insufficient recognition and participation of indigenous peoples in conservation, and have recommended that stronger requirements for future action on biodiversity to address indigenous peoples’ rights as a foundational prerequisite be set in the new global framework. 16 32. A draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework is currently being negotiated and is expected to be adopted at the fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, to be held in December 2022. The first draft, presented by the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity in July 2021, set out a target to increase to at least 30 per cent global protected areas on land and at sea by 2030 in order to reduce threats to biodiversity. 17 More than 100 States have since expressed support for an international campaign to support an increased target for protected areas, often referred to as the “30 by 30 Alliance for Biodiversity”. 18 33. The implications of this target are immense. Given that some 15.7 per cent of the world’s land is currently covered by protected areas, to reach 30 per cent would require a near doubling of the area under some form of protection or recognized conservation. 19 While the expansion of protected areas to 30 per cent is a laudable __________________ 14 15 16 17 18 19 10/20 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 (Montreal, Canada, 2020). Available at www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo5/publication/gbo-5-en.pdf. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Bonn, Germany, 2019). Available at https://ipbes.net/global-assessment. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5; and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, The Global Assessment Report. The first draft is available at www.cbd.int/article/draft-1-global-biodiversity-framework. See www.hacfornatureandpeople.org/home. Submission by the Forest Peoples Programme to the Special Rapporteur. 22-11289