A/HRC/41/54/Add.2 communities on campuses across the United Kingdom, and discriminatory restrictions on their freedom of expression, assembly and association. They described their reluctance (and in some cases their fear) to take courses in which they might be expected to participate, for example human rights law discussions on international conflict or terrorism, because of the real risk they faced of incurring Prevent Strategy-related suspicion of instructors. Put differently, “prevent duties” create conditions such that a Muslim university student can be reasonably concerned that topics and conversations that are encouraged among other students are to be actively avoided because his or her religion (or perceived religion) on its own may give rise to actionable suspicion among educators. The Government must urgently confront the exclusionary, divisive and discriminatory environments its policies are generating. 49. The Special Rapporteur’s understanding is that, to date, no government review of, or findings regarding, the impact of the Prevent Strategy on human rights and racial equality has been made public. This state of affairs is untenable given the widespread evidence that enforcement of the “prevent duty” disproportionately targets groups on the basis of religious and ethnic belonging, in violation of their human rights. It has also transformed public institutions such as hospitals, schools, universities and even the police – institutions through which the work of national integration should otherwise be achieved – into sites of exclusion, discrimination and national anxiety. Formal integration policies risk being no match for the “dis-integration” and political and social exclusion currently being achieved, at the behest of the Government, through the robust and pervasive Prevent Strategy and its accompanying “prevent duty”. 50. Based on consultations held and findings gathered during her visit, the Special Rapporteur concurs with the assessment of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/GBR/CO/21-23, paras. 18–19) and the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, who concluded that the Prevent Strategy was inherently flawed (A/HRC/35/28/Add.1, para. 10). The Special Rapporteur received no information during her visit to show that the Government has taken meaningful steps to address the concerns raised by the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. The Government must comprehensively address all human rights concerns, including those relating to equality, discrimination and intolerance, in the context of the independent review of the Prevent Strategy announced in January 2019.78 51. The Special Rapporteur underscores that her concern and condemnation are not aimed at the right and duty that Governments the world over have to protect their populations from threats, including terrorism. The concerns she raises speak to the policy choice embodied in the Prevent Strategy, which, among other things, mandates civil servants, social workers, care givers, educators and others to make life-altering judgements on the basis of vague criteria in a climate of national anxieties that scapegoat entire religious, racial and ethnic groups by making them the presumptive enemy. D. Racial impact of laws and policies on immigration 52. In 2012, the then-Home Secretary, Theresa May, spearheaded the adoption of a policy that explicitly sought to create “a really hostile environment” in the United Kingdom for irregular immigrants. 79 That hostile environment policy – referred to by the Government as the “compliant environment” policy since the Windrush scandal broke in April and May 2018 – has been characterized by a web of policies 80 grounded in the Immigration Acts 78 79 80 14 https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/2019/01/22/government-announces-independent-review-ofprevent. www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/28/hostile-environment-the-hardline-home-office-policytearing-families-apart. See, e.g., www.libertyhumanrights.org.uk/sites/default/files/HE%20web.pdf and https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/LLN-2018-0064#fullreport.