A/76/434 in 2017, in which people of African descent and indigenous people were among the populations specifically investigated. The country’s National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination also created a database on incidents of discrim ination, the National System on Discrimination, in which to collect all the information compiled by the National Council and other State institutions. 70 57. The difficulty with and sensitive nature of data collection was a common obstacle reported by States. Spain noted difficulties in collecting data on ethnic origin, owing to the reluctance of some groups to provide information because of fears relating to data protection and anonymity. 71 These are valid concerns, and, in this regard, the Special Rapporteur recalls that, in the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, emphasis was placed on the importance of embedding human rights and privacy protections in the collection of disaggregated data. 72 States can benefit from the OHCHR guidance document on taking a human rights-based approach to data 73 and the report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on the theme “Data for racial justice” (A/HRC/42/59), in which key research is outlined and recommendations provided on the collection of disaggregated data pursuant to the Durban outcome document. 58. Several States also noted that lack of public awareness and recognition of racism were barriers to effective policymaking. Some States, like Mexico, noted that the public still struggled to understand racism and oppression as they manifested themselves in society. 74 Spain noted that inadequate information on contesting racial discrimination and protecting human rights presented problems for victims of racism, and that it had highlighted the importance of national awareness -raising campaigns to reach “people suffering from racism in areas such as housing, employment, health [and] education”. 75 59. States also noted several initiatives that had been advanced through regional organizations. The Inter-American Convention against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance and the Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance are two leading examples of binding legal instruments implemented at the regional level to combat racism and intolerance. 76 Spain highlighted the progress made by the European Union on a code of conduct on illegal incitement to hatred on the Internet and on other anti-discrimination programmes. 77 60. The Ten-Point Plan for Reparatory Justice adopted by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is also closely linked to the legacy of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. During the high-level event commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the Conference, the Prime Minister of Barbados observed that not only did the Conference “deal with issues ultimately pertaining to historical slavery, the transatlantic slave trade and reparations”, but its outcome document “established a solid foundation upon which significant progress of the issue of reparations for __________________ 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 16/26 Submission by Mexico. Submission by Spain. Programme of Action, para. 92 (a)–(b). See also A/HRC/44/57. OHCHR, “A human rights-based approach to data: leaving no one behind in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, 2018. Submission by Mexico. Submission by Spain. Submission by Mexico. Submission by Spain. 21-15325