A/HRC/46/58 Negotiations on content regulation processes should be done publicly, framed by truly democratic processes. 14. States should take preventive measures against intolerance and hate speech against minorities, including by creating the conditions for social and economic stability, inclusion and cohesion. 15. States should adopt human rights education initiatives on minority rights, including in school curriculums; promote diversity and pluralism; and combat discrimination, stereotyping, xenophobia, racism and hate speech by disseminating positive, alternative and inclusive narratives that invite dialogue. 16. States, international and regional organizations, tech companies, national human rights institutions and civil society are encouraged to increase cooperation in order to share expertise, knowledge and effective practices in addressing hate speech against minorities, and to promote a culture of diversity, pluralism, dialogue and acceptance of others. 17. States, national human rights institutions and civil society representatives are encouraged to use the United Nations human rights mechanisms, including the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, the universal periodic review and the human rights treaty bodies; regional human rights mechanisms; and other appropriate forums to combat online hate speech that is directed at minorities. 18. All stakeholders should encourage innovative, educational and preventive strategies that focus on the protection of and respect for diverse communities in order to counter hate speech. While doing so, they should offer a balanced approach towards protecting both minorities and the freedom of expression. III. Recommendations to address the causes, scale and impact of hate speech targeting minorities on social media 19. States should ensure that the Internet, and social media platforms in particular, represent safe environments where freedom of opinion and expression, association, participation and empowerment of members of national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are guaranteed. 20. States should improve the legal and policy framework against hate speech, hate crime and racism against minorities, in line with international human rights norms, and create the necessary legal, institutional, policy and administrative frameworks in online communications. Minorities, as the main targets of hate speech on social media, should be a part of these processes, so that they can provide assistance in designing inclusive policies. 21. States and tech and social media companies should resolve to have a zerotolerance policy for hate speech, hate crime and racism against minorities. States and social media companies should rigorously monitor hate speech and racism against minorities online and support civil society in this task. 22. Tech and social media companies should quickly, fully and consistently remove hate speech or disable access to it, while implementing effective and appropriate safeguards to ensure that they act in a diligent and proportionate manner in full respect for human rights and that the unintended removal of legal content is prevented. 23. Social media platforms should strengthen their community standards and terms of service to understand and recognize hate speech and not tolerate it. In addition, they should ensure that the rules are swiftly, fully and consistently implemented to remove all hate speech. 24. States and online companies should improve data collection and present disaggregated data. They should also take measures to identify the causes and drivers of hate speech, the mechanisms behind it and the conditions conducive to it, and should 4