A/72/155 to exclude women and girls altogether. In other locations, they seek to change the content of education, such as by removing sex education from the curriculum. 89. In Indonesia, as part of what has been described as a worsening climate of fundamentalism affecting human rights more broadly, a unique Islamic boarding school, Al-Fatah Pesantren, run by and for waria (transgender women) was ordered closed in February 2016 by the Islamic Jihad Front. Police reportedly failed to protect the school and in March 2016, it was closed by local authorities. 85 90. Positive efforts by some in government to foster the protection of women ’s human rights in schools and curricula are often thwarted by co ncerted fundamentalist efforts. For example, in Peru, the Ministry of Education ’s efforts in 2016 to include human rights approaches met with the mobilization of Christian fundamentalist groups and conservative political parties. 86 Those groups opposed the curriculum’s emphasis on gender equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. One pastor involved reportedly called for the killing of lesbian women. Ultimately, the curriculum was changed. 91. The promotion and defence of non-sexist education, in accordance with international standards, and of non-discrimination and full equality for women and girls in education, are among the most important measures governments can take to defeat fundamentalism and extremism. 92. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned about the rise, in many contexts, of fundamentalist-run schools, often with foreign funding, that promote gender stereotypes, in some cases, normalize violence against women, and practice a gender segregation that subverts equality. 93. Fundamentalist movements, such as Boko Haram, repeatedly target educational institutions and students in Nigeria, with the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls, in April 2014 (many of whom have yet to be released) bei ng only one terrible example of such attacks. There has also been widespread targeting of girls ’ schools by fundamentalist armed groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 94. It is a testament to the lack of accountability for fundamentalist and extremist violence against women that, even in a case as high profile as that of the shooting of Pakistani Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai, for which the Taliban openly took responsibility, 8 of 10 suspects were acquitted and released after a secret trial. 87 Accountability in all cases of fundamentalist and extremist violence against women, including as they exercise their cultural rights, must be a priority. IV. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 95. After an attack by Da’esh, in February 2017, at a shrine in Pakistan, which killed over 70 people taking part in a Sufi ritual, dancer Sheema Kermani went to the site to perform for local people, notwithstanding the security risks, to send a message of hope. 88 The international community must show as much courage as women like her. This is a wake-up call for our times. __________________ 85 86 87 88 20/23 Submission from International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association and ARC International. Submission from the Center for the Promotion and Defense of Sexual and Reproductive Rights. “Eight out of 10 Malala suspects ‘secretly acquitted’”, BBC News 5 June 2015. “Sheema Kermani defies act of terrorism, performs at Lal Shahbaz Qalandar ’s shrine”, Dawn News, 21 February 2017. 17-12043