A/72/155 women’s rights are most likely to be a bargaining chip negotiated away or set aside in pursuit of peace with extremist and fundamentalist groups. Giving in to the social demands of fundamentalists and extremists, especially as regards women, only exacerbates the human rights situation and leads to escalating claims. 34. Civil society plays a vital role in combating fundamentalism and extremism, through the use of diverse strategies. 22 For example, an initiative using the hashtag #ImamsForShe, launched by Muslims for Progressive Values, partners with Alliance des imams du corridor Nord pour le développement humanitaire, in Burundi, to work against gender apartheid. 23 Djazairouna, of Families of Victims of Islamist Terrorism, produced a banner featuring photographs of Algerian women killed in 1990s fundamentalist violence, which it attempts to display every year on International Women’s Day. 24 A diverse group of women in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland founded a journal, Feminist Dissent, which analyses the impact of fundamentalisms on women. 25 Protests held in India under the hashtag #NotInMyName, on 28 June 2017, were attended by thousands, including many women, protesting Hindu fundamentalist-inspired lynchings of Muslims, often for allegedly eating or selling beef. 26 35. However, civil society is often constrained in its ability to carry out such actions, through limitations on freedom of association, as well as through harassment and violence (see Human Rights Council resolution 32/31). When Governments imprison or censor the very voices of those who stand up to extremists and are threatened by them or fail to protect them, they facilitate the rise of extremism. 36. The women human rights defenders confronting fundamentalists and extremists require resources, structures, visibility and access to media outlets so that their efforts can crystallize into systematic and institutionalized opposition. Women human rights defenders challenging fundamentalist and extremist movements by, inter alia, defending women’s rights to take part in cultural life without discrimination, are defending dynamic, living culture and cultural rights in accordance with international norms. They are cultural rights defenders. 37. Working against fundamentalism and extremism is a particularly dangerous and daunting task, leading women human rights defenders to be labelled as opponents of their religious group or nation, to face criminal sanctions, def amation and ostracism, and can lead to death threats and attacks. The Special Rapporteur concurs with the statement issued by other United Nations experts alerting the international community that a “global trend of fundamentalism and populism” poses increasing risks to women human rights defenders. 27 In a recent global survey, 54 per cent of the 694 respondents among members of “young feminist organizations” noted that they were threatened in their work by “extremist or fundamentalist religious groups”. 28 Extremists often target women human rights defenders during public gatherings. 29 The Special Rapporteur was saddened to note __________________ 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 17-12043 Examples were given in the submission from Freemuse. Submission from Muslims for Progressive Values. More information about their work is provided in the submission from Djazairouna. See www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/research/currentprojects/feministdissent. Huizhong Wu, “#NotInMyName: Indians protest against mob violence”, CNN, 29 June 2017. “Fundamentalism and populism pose deepening threat to women defending human rights, UN experts warn”, United Nations News Centre, 25 November 2016. FRIDA: the Young Feminist Fund and Association for Women’s Rights in Development’s Young Feminist Activism Program, “Brave, creative, resilient: the global state of young feminist organizing”, 2016, p. 51. Submission from Asamblea Lésbica Permanente regarding 2015 events at the National Women ’s Meeting in Argentina. 9/23