access to visas. They should be granted on a non-discriminatory basis. The State of residence should not obstruct the receipt or enjoyment of such benefits, which are consistent with international law and the principles underlying these Recommendations. 10. States should refrain from taking unilateral steps, including extending benefits to foreigners on the basis of ethnic, cultural, linguistic, religious or historical ties that have the intention or effect of undermining the principles of territorial integrity. States should not provide direct or indirect support for similar initiatives undertaken by non-State actors. 11. States may take preferred linguistic competencies and cultural, historical or familial ties into account in their decision to grant citizenship to individuals abroad. States should, however, ensure that such a conferral of citizenship respects the principles of friendly, including good neighbourly, relations and territorial sovereignty, and should refrain from conferring citizenship en masse, even if dual citizenship is allowed by the State of residence. If a State does accept dual citizenship as part of its legal system, it should not discriminate against dual nationals. 12. States may offer assistance to support education abroad, for example, with regard to textbooks, language training, teacher training, scholarships and school facilities. Such support should be non-discriminatory, have the explicit or presumed consent of the State of residence and be in line with applicable domestic and international educational standards. 13. States may provide support to cultural, religious or other non-governmental organizations respecting the laws and with explicit or implied consent of the country in which they are registered or operating. However, States should refrain from financing political parties of an ethnic or religious character in a foreign country, as this may have destabilizing effects and undermine good inter-State relations. 14. The free reception of transfrontier broadcasts, whether direct or by means of retransmission or rebroadcasting, may not be prohibited on the basis of ethnicity, culture, language or religion. Limitations are restricted to broadcasts that use hate speech or incite violence, racism or discrimination. Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations 7