A/HRC/45/34 and other mechanisms are necessary to regulate, supervise and sanction private business and other third-party activities whose activities violate indigenous peoples’ rights. 69. Consultation and cooperation should guide the means by which indigenous peoples can participate directly in decision-making related to development policies, laws, plans and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ proposals, priorities and concerns regarding development should be duly incorporated in the State development planning before outlining priorities and granting concessions, licences and other authorizations for development activities that could later lead to social conflicts due to lack of consultation. 70. The Special Rapporteur encourages indigenous peoples and States to explore mechanisms for dialogue, consultation and cooperation to promote indigenous development priorities and other human rights. These processes of dialogue, consultation and cooperation must respect the mechanisms and protocols for relations, consultation and decision-making of indigenous peoples. 71. Consultation and free, prior and informed consent must also be understood as an extension of the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination. Therefore, they should be able to decide their own social, cultural, economic and political destinies and ultimately safeguard their rights recognized under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other international human rights sources. V. Final reflections at the end of the Special Rapporteur’s term and forward-looking recommendations 72. The establishment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur in 2001 was a response by the international community to the reiterated demands of indigenous peoples and to the situation of systematic violation of their individual and collective rights. The mandate has been acknowledged by United Nations Member States as an achievement in building an international framework for the advancement of the rights and aspirations of indigenous peoples. 82 73. Since 2007, following the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Special Rapporteurs on the rights of indigenous peoples have been mandated to promote the Declaration, which has been the legal framework for all their activities, including thematic work, country visits, communications, identification of best practices, cooperative dialogue with all relevant actors, and technical cooperation. 74. Throughout the years of her mandate, the Special Rapporteur has acknowledged progress in the recognition and legal protection of the human rights of indigenous peoples.83 But she would like to stress that the “implementation gap”, and the increasing violence against and criminalization of indigenous peoples in many countries around the world, signals the need more than ever for a strong and effective mandate to ensure compliance with international human rights standards in this regard. 75. The mandate holder has tried to respond to this situation not only through communications, country visits and thematic reports, but also by trying to engage Governments and other actors in constructive dialogue, with the aim of making the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other relevant human rights standards better understood, protected and realized. Working visits, technical cooperation, and active involvement in multilateral and multi-stakeholder processes have been key activities in this regard. 76. The Special Rapporteur would like to express her appreciation to the numerous Member States that have shown their support for the mandate, have engaged with its work and have implemented relevant recommendations. Nevertheless, she would like to underline that there are still many countries in which the existence of indigenous 82 83 General Assembly resolution 69/2 (outcome document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples), para. 5. A/72/186, paras. 25–36, on progress in law and jurisprudence. 17