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mission reports. While acknowledging the danger represented by the extremism of groups
claiming allegiance to Islam, the Special Rapportuer believes it is important to distinguish
between such extremists using Islam for political purposes, who are in fact in a minority, and the
majority of Muslims practising Islam in accordance with the principles of tolerance and
non-discrimination. The Special Rapporteur had also found that non-Muslim religious
minorities were victims of defamation (see his reports on missions to Pakistan and the
United States). For this reason the Special Rapporteur fully endorses the Commission on Human
Rights’ finding that all religions are or may be affected by defamation. It is important to indicate
that defamation often stems from intolerance and/or inter-religious as well as intra-religious
ignorance, often in the context of an adversarial relationship between majority and minorities.
Lastly, it should be emphasized that there are growing problems between traditional majority
religions and sects/new religious movements, as well as between believers and non-believers.
111. The Special Rapporteur also wishes to stress another concern relating to efforts to combat
defamation: these should not be used to censure all inter-religious and intra-religious criticism.
Several other communications from the Special Rapporteur illustrate the danger that efforts to
combat defamation (particularly blasphemy) may be manipulated for purposes contrary to human
rights.
B. Initiatives of the Special Rapporteur
112. The Special Rapporteur is continuing his efforts to compile a compendium of national
enactments relating to freedom of religion and belief. Such a collection would be regularly
updated and made publicly available in a databank on an Internet site. A total of 49 States
(see A/54/386, para. 99) have so far contributed to this initiative, with which it would be
desirable for all States to cooperate.
113. The Special Rapporteur is also continuing his efforts to undertake research on the
following topics: (a) status of women with regard to religion; (b) proselytism, freedom of
religion and poverty; and (c) sects, new religious movements and communities of religion and
belief.
114. With regard to the culture of tolerance, which is the mainstay of prevention, the Special
Rapporteur is currently finalizing plans to convene an international consultative conference to
discuss the content of curricula and textbooks used in primary and secondary schools relating to
freedom of religion and belief in November 2001, for the anniversary of the adoption of the
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on
Religion or Belief, (see A/54/386, para. 102). Details of this project will be forwarded in due
course.
III. IN SITU VISITS AND FOLLOW-UP
115. Since he was appointed, the Special Rapporteur has carried out 10 in situ visits (to China,
Pakistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Greece, Sudan, India, Australia, Germany, United States of
America and Viet Nam). He visited Turkey in December 1999. A visit to Bangladesh is planned
for the year 2000, while requests for visits to Argentina, Indonesia, Mauritius, Israel, the
Russian Federation and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea have so far remained