ACFC/31DOC(2008)001 representatives, should also be effectively involved in processes of allocation of public support for their cultural initiatives. Moreover, when specific institutions exist for channelling such support, persons belonging to national minorities should be adequately represented and should be able to take part in the corresponding decision-making.21 67. Processes of decentralisation can play an important role in creating the conditions necessary for persons belonging to national minorities to participate effectively in cultural life. In particular, cultural autonomy arrangements, whose aim is inter alia to delegate competences to persons belonging to national minorities in the sphere of culture and education, can result in increased participation of minorities in cultural life.22 68. Additionally, when analysing the participation of minorities in cultural life, it is important to assess their level of participation in the media. It is important that minorities have the possibility to create and use their own media. It is, however, equally important that they have access to and are present in mainstream media so as to be able to present their views on issues of interest to the society at large. 3) PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS 69. The Advisory Committee, while considering whether persons belonging to national minorities effectively participate in public affairs, has examined their overall involvement in decision-making. It has not only examined their representation and participation in various mechanisms, but also devoted particular attention to the effectiveness of their influence on decision-making processes. The different decisionmaking arrangements which exist in the State Parties should take into account the composition of society and reflect its diversity. 70. Effective participation includes a wide range of possible forms, such as an exchange of information, dialogue, informal and formal consultation and participation in decision-making. It can be ensured through different channels, ranging from consultative mechanisms to special parliamentary arrangements. Particular attention should be paid to equal participation of women and men belonging to national minorities. 71. Whatever the mechanisms chosen, persons belonging to national minorities should be given real opportunities to influence decision-making, the outcome of which should adequately reflect their needs. According to the Advisory Committee, mere consultation is, as such, not a sufficient means to be considered effective participation. 72. Representation and participation of persons belonging to national minorities in elected bodies, public administration, judiciary and law-enforcement agencies is an essential but not sufficient condition for effective participation. Their inclusion in elected bodies at different levels largely depends on the constitutional traditions and guarantees provided for by electoral legislation. The choice and modalities of the electoral system often has a direct impact on the effectiveness of minority participation in decision21 22 See for example 2nd Opinion on Norway, adopted on 5 October 2006, paragraphs 60 and 69. See also paragraphs from 133 to 137 below on autonomy arrangements. 22