E/CN.4/2000/82 page 17 84. Households in which the mother has to migrate in search of a better standard of living for its members, as well as households in which the mother stays behind while the father migrates, are becoming increasingly common, and will become a defining characteristic of societies in many countries in the twenty-first century. 85. The changes in lifestyle implied by these new roles also determine how individuals in these families are prepared for working life. Often, these households are the same as those in which the phenomenon of child migration is most common. In addition to all that, the consequences of changing roles, particularly with regard to the use and control of resources and decision-making within the family, need to be dealt with. Often, these changes in households find outward expression in alarming episodes of physical and psychological domestic violence. 86. As well as the question marks concerning definitions, the limitations of international legislation have also to be considered. It is only the International Convention of 1990 which does not restrict itself exclusively to references to migrant workers but also includes members of their families. This Convention has not yet entered into force; if it were to do so, it could be an important tool for the protection of the rights of migrants, including those of undocumented migrants. 87. The documents relating to the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination and, in particular, those relating to the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance also discuss discrimination against migrant workers (see E/CN.4/1998/78). The provisions of the international conventions on migrant workers address discrimination in employment. Although the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child cover migrant women and children, they do not deal specifically with the rights of those persons who are in transit outside the borders of their country. Those vulnerable groups receive special treatment in the analysis of the issue of trafficking in women and children. However, the issues of migrant women and children are not limited to the problem of trafficking. 88. Trafficking in persons is the aspect of migration about which the international community is particularly concerned. The concept of trafficking can be approached from various perspectives. The term should be distinguished from “smuggling”. Whereas trafficking may include a complex organization of contacts, smuggling refers solely to unlawful border-crossing services. Trafficking in persons in particular involves violations of a number of international conventions. This applies to persons who are victims at the moment of departure, transit and arrival in the country of destination. 89. The Special Rapporteur believes that special emphasis should be laid on the problem of the forms of intolerance that arise when the reinsertion of migrant populations is completed. Similar emphasis should be laid on dealing with the intolerance that impels these groups to migrate. 90. The day-to-day problems faced by migrants, especially by women migrants who have suffered from systematic gender-based violence and who have been unable to get a satisfactory