My name is Khalid Hussain. I am Bihari- Urdu Speaking linguistic minority of
Bangladesh and formerly stateless person. I was born in Geneva Camp in
Bangladesh without a nationality because both of my parents were stateless
socially, culturally and economically subject to marginalization and exclusion,
like millions of other stateless people in the world, most of whom belong to
minorities like me.
Reason behind the stateless was 1947 when India was divided in two countries
India and Pakistan. The Urdu speaking Muslim minority of the Indian provinces
of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orisha and West Bengal migrated to the then East
Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
In 1971, East Pakistan revolted against the rule of West Pakistan and fought a 9months war of liberation, which resulted in the emergence of Bangladesh in 16th
December 1971. A small section of the Urdu speaking community played an antiliberation role by siding with the Pakistan army and therefore, at the end of the
war Biharis became victims of the situation and were forced to abandon their
homes, business, properties and employment. The International Committee of the
Red Cross (ICRC) built large and small settlements Camps all over in Bangladesh
and to provide shelter, food and medical support to the displaced Biharis. These
settlements, approximately 116 in number, are commonly known as Bihari
camps. Residents were in effect stateless, without identity documents to
recognize citizenship in any country.
The Bihar community survived by struggling 4 decades without citizenship,
without having access to state-guaranteed rights to basic services that include
housing, water and sanitation, education, jobs and other livelihoods. But I never
gave up. I always knew that I need to fight for my rights, even though citizenship
was denied to me.
In 2001 we 10 youth from Geneva Camp including me filed a writ petition in
High Court and claimed our self as by born Bangladeshi citizens and just after
one year 5th May 2003 High court has declared our citizenship. That was the first
achievement of ending our statelessness. After getting nationality and voting
rights we realized the importance and uses of civil documentation like birth
certificate, national identity card and passport.