minorities are not merely beneficiaries but agents of peace, and their participation strengthens institutions, legitimizes peace, and fosters deeper societal healing. Dr. Farah Mihlar framed the discussion within the historical foundations of international human rights and transitional justice, recalling that both emerged from the commitment of “never again” after the Holocaust. Despite these aspirations, she noted that grave violations, including genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, continue today in places such as Sudan, Ukraine, and Gaza. Against this backdrop, she argued that transitional justice processes consistently neglect minorities, even though minority groups often bear a disproportionate share of violence precisely because of their identity and non-dominant status. Drawing on examples from Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Afghanistan, and Iraq, Mihlar illustrated how minorities are frequently targeted for atrocities and yet remain invisible in truth-seeking, judicial accountability, reparations, and memorialization efforts. She called for a comprehensive minority rights approach to transitional justice, one that interrogates how identity shapes victimhood, patterns of abuse, and justice demands. Dr. Mihlar underscored that such an approach must prioritize the core pillars of minority rights - identity, participation, and non-discrimination - and embed minority perspectives at every stage, from data collection and mechanism design to implementation of recommendations. She emphasized that this does not privilege minorities over majorities but instead addresses structural inequalities and prevents processes from becoming delegitimized or exclusionary. Dr. Tenzin Dorjee focused on the broader contributions of minorities to society and how minorities enrich them in countless ways. For example, through cuisine, labor, scientific innovation, and, most importantly, the minority perspective, which he described as a unique lens that reveals a society’s true character, its injustices, and its potential. Dr. Dorjee highlighted the situation of Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Mongolians in the People’s Republic of China, referring to “a policy of cultural and linguistic erasure”. He emphasised that policies protecting and promoting minorities are not only more conducive to well being and stability but also discourage secessionism, radicalization, and conflict. He urged States to empower national minorities by protecting their languages, cultures, and traditions, and called for the closure of Tibetan residential schooling. Collectively, these speeches demonstrate that minority inclusion is essential for effective peacebuilding, transitional justice, and societal stability. Minorities are not only victims of conflict but also agents of innovative solutions, reconciliation, and governance. Ensuring their meaningful participation requires recognizing their identities, protecting their rights, investing in their initiatives, and embedding their perspectives into local, national, and international processes. When minority voices are amplified, peace becomes more legitimate, justice more equitable, and societies more resilient, inclusive, and harmonious. Interactive Dialogue During the interactive dialogue, participants emphasized the critical role of minority communities in peacebuilding, transitional justice, and accountability processes, while highlighting the persistent exclusion and systemic marginalization that undermines their participation. Interventions drew attention to the intersectional nature of minority 10