CERD/C/MNG/CO/18 page 2 5. The Committee welcomes the ratification by the State party of the Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflicts and on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, in 2000; the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, in 2002; and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, in 2002. 6. The Committee notes with satisfaction the establishment, in 2001, of the National Commission for Human Rights of Mongolia, in accordance with the Principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles, General Assembly resolution 48/134, annex). 7. The Committee commends the enactment, in 2001, of the Law on Advertisement, which contains a provision prohibiting advertisements in the media unfavourably comparing religions, professions, sexes, ages, social status, languages and ethnic groups, or promoting racial discrimination and discord. 8. The Committee notes with satisfaction that, in 2002, the Parliament passed the new amended Criminal Code which provides for three types of offences of racial discrimination and acts of genocide. 9. The Committee welcomes the enactment, in 2002, of the new Civil Code which stipulates that non-citizens have the same rights as citizens in civil legal matters. 10. The Committee welcomes the adoption, in 2003, of the National Human Rights Action Plan. 11. The Committee notes with satisfaction the adoption, in 2005, of the Tuva Language Study Programme aimed at supporting the Tsaatan minority in their efforts to preserve their cultural heritage, following the publication of a study on the “State of Rights and Freedoms of the Tsaatan” by the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia. C. Concerns and recommendations 12. While noting the explanation of the State party that it has not adopted legislation defining racial discrimination because the Convention is self-executing in Mongolia’s domestic legal order, the Committee remains concerned that no clear definition of racial discrimination exists in the legislation of the State party (art. 1). The Committee recommends to the State party that it adopt a definition of racial discrimination that includes all the elements contained in article 1 of the Convention. 13. While acknowledging the State party’s security concerns, the Committee remains concerned that articles 24 and 25 of the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens (1993) prescribe numerical thresholds for the entry and residence of non-citizens according to nationality (arts. 2 and 5). In light of its general recommendation 30 on non-citizens, the Committee recommends that the State party consider the possibility of amending the