A/74/358 also working to restore and protect the second-oldest Jewish cemetery in the world and to open a new Jewish museum, in efforts spearheaded by an NGO but supported by the Government. 83 In Tunisia, the State provides security for all synagogues and partially subsidizes their maintenance and restoration costs. Senior State functionaries participate in important Jewish festivals to demonstrate solidarity (A/HRC/40/58/Add.1, para. 47). 61. In Sweden, the Living History Forum, a public body, produces educational exhibition material and materials for the classroom on democracy and human rights and uses the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity as a starting point. Many States provide Holocaust education in schools. However, the Special Rapporteur notes the concern among many stakeholders that Holocaust education is not enough to effectively teach people to recognize and respond to antisemitism. Empathy training, religious education and modern images of Jews should be promoted through education for children. V. Conclusions: the impact of antisemitism on the right to freedom of religion or belief 62. The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief unequivocally condemns discrimination and intolerance on the basis of religion or belief. In article 2 (2) of the Declaration, intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief are defined as “any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on religion or belief and having as its purpose or as its effect nullification or impairment of the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis”. 63. The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by the increase in antisemitism in many countries, driven by sources that include individuals motivated by white supremacist and radical Islamist ideologies. Furthermore, he is alarmed by v iolent attacks targeting Jewish communities worldwide and by information indicating that some authorities have allegedly incited, directly engaged in or failed to respond to violent or threatening antisemitic acts committed by private actors. He is also concerned at the apparent increase in expressions of antisemitism emanating from sources on the political left, as well as discriminatory laws, regulations and policies of States. 64. As a result of this increase in antisemitism, members of the Jewish communities in a number of countries have reported that they are increasingly reluctant to display religious attire, such as the kippa, or to carry out public discussions in a traditional language indicative of their ethno-religious heritage (Hebrew) for fear of being subject to harassment, discrimination or violence. Individuals also report abstaining from identifying publicly as Jews, expressing their cultural identity or attending Jewish religious and cultural events, which effectively excludes Jews from public life. In many places, the threats faced by Jewish communities have compelled them to seek or establish extensive security measures for their places of worship, schools and other religious and cultural sites. It is therefore critical that Governments be expeditious now in their efforts to combat antisemitism, which not only impairs the human rights of Jews, but also, if left unchecked in any society, will serve to undermine peace and security for all. 65. It is impossible to deduce with any certainty the full extent of antisemitic acts committed, either globally or in any one country, given the disparities in monitoring and reporting methodologies and the serious and pervasive underreporting of such acts by victims worldwide. Consequently, policymakers may face challenges when __________________ 83 18/23 Consultation with the Drop of Milk organization, Egypt. 19-16257