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that neo-Nazis and white supremacist groups have taken advantage of new digital
technologies and social platforms to promote their ideologies and arguments. Indeed,
the Internet has made it easier for people to communicate, express their views and
engage in debate across vast distances. The Internet has also provided groups
espousing racial superiority and hatred with effective platforms for spreading their
messages, organizing events and raising money. The anonymity provided by the
Internet and social media allows people to express views that they would deny in
public. Moreover, the interactivity of new social media platforms allows for the easier
creation of virtual communities in which extremists can easily disseminate
information to their target audiences.
51. The Internet, and social media in particular, has become a growing means
through which neo-Nazi groups recruit followers. It is documented that hate groups
such as these usually direct their recruitment efforts at targeting susceptible
individuals, such as loners and children. Groups espousing racial superiority –
including neo-Nazis – have increasingly targeted children and youth as recruits
because they are typically more impressionable, may feel alone and marginal, and
desire a sense of identity and group belonging. Some neo-Nazi websites are
specifically tailored towards children, with the aim of indoctrinating them. Neo -Nazi
websites appeal to children through music, activities, games, “memes” and cartoon
characters. Indeed, even video games exist that are devoted to propagating i deologies
of racial superiority and racial hatred.
52. In addition to recruitment, neo-Nazis and other hate groups also use digital
platforms to incite hatred and violence on racial, ethnic, religious and related grounds.
The ease and rapidity with which information can now be shared online, especially
through social media platforms, means these platforms have now become arguably
the most frequent sites of hate speech, and even incitement to violence. These
platforms have facilitated the global transmission of harmful stereotypes against
stigmatized groups targeted by groups such as neo-Nazis. Such stereotypes and
related propaganda make violence against targeted groups more acceptable and
arguably more likely. In addition, neo-Nazi and related groups have also relied on
online platforms to plan and circulate information about public events that range from
demonstrations to acts of violence, including targeting groups and individuals on the
basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender, sexual orientation and related
grounds. As outlined in the report of the Special Rapporteur to the seventy -fifth
session of the General Assembly (A/75/329), the COVID-19 pandemic and its
racialized harm, discussed further below, exacerbated these trends, as more of
people’s everyday lives were played out online.
D.
Recruitment of young people by neo-Nazi groups
53. As outlined in the reports of the Special Rapporteur to the thirty-eighth and
forty-first sessions of the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/38/53 and A/HRC/41/55),
various forms of new technology are used to recruit individuals to neo-Nazi and
associated ideologies. Such practices, as well as other recruitment techniques, can
have a disproportionate impact on young people, particularly those in vulnerable
social situations.
54. Research shows that the typical neo-Nazi or hate group follower is generally
young, white and male. Religion, economic class, education and social status are also
salient factors. It is important to note, however, that no meaningful psychological
profile exists for predicting whether a person will have an inclination towards
terrorism. Furthermore, research shows that no one is born with personality traits that
define a person as inclined towards extremism or terrorism. Relevant
socioenvironmental factors may include poverty; a lack of education and employment
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