A/HRC/31/18/Add.2
currently in their implementation phase, in particular in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region.
Regular communication between law enforcement and members of various communities
can certainly help to prevent misunderstandings, build mutual trust and alert law
enforcement to possible risk situations.
56.
When visiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region, the Special Rapporteur received
specific information about ongoing community policing projects in Bandarban and
Rangamati. Moreover, the number of indigenous persons who operate in the regular police
force (unlike in the military) has reportedly risen in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region and is
clearly above the national quota. This has apparently led to a somewhat improved sense of
security among the indigenous peoples. However, “mixed policing”, i.e. a direct
cooperation between Bengali and indigenous individuals operating within the police, seem
to face obstacles.
C.
Issue of conversion
57.
An emotional issue that came up in some exchanges relates to conversions.
Religious conversions are generally rare and, when they do occur, mostly take place in the
context of interreligious marriages. However, conversions have also occurred outside such
marriages, in particular from Buddhism to Christianity or from various religions to Islam.
On occasion, Muslims have converted to Christianity or to the Baha’i faith. Within the Mro
indigenous people, who traditionally practise Buddhism, some tens of thousands have
turned to a newly founded religion named “Krama”.
58.
Those who convert to another religion are sometimes ostracized socially for having
allegedly converted not for genuine reasons, but for the expectation of material benefits or
owing to other non-religious incentives. Sometimes, even the offspring of converts can be
ostracized, generations after the conversion. Some converts have actually gone into hiding
or concealed their newly adopted faith for fear of social stigmatization.
59.
However, feelings of insecurity exist not only among converts, but also in
communities from which people have converted. Smaller minority communities in
particular have expressed concerns that they would in the long term lose their members to
the predominant Islam or to Christian missionaries, which fosters suspicion of other
communities. Furthermore, rumours and unrealistic projections can damage the general
harmonious relations between the followers of different religious groups.
60.
The Special Rapporteur would like to point out that freedom of religion or belief
covers the right of everyone to change their faith voluntarily and replace it by another belief
and also by non-belief. This part of freedom of religion or belief enjoys unconditional
protection. In addition to changing one’s own religion, the term “conversion” can also mean
“to persuade others to change”.
61.
Trying to convert others likewise falls within freedom of religion or belief, as long
as that persuasion is free from any coercion. This is an important caveat. However, its
application in practice is not always easy, and there are lots of grey zones in this field.
Missionary activities should certainly not exploit the vulnerability of people, for instance,
those living in extreme poverty. However, those who have converted or would like to
convert always deserve respect for their decision as part of their freedom of religion or
belief.
62.
The Government appears to pursue a policy of discouraging missionary activities,
with a view of avoiding religious conflicts. As a consequence, the issuance of visas for
international co-religionists has become rather restrictive. Religious minority communities
deplored the fact that inviting fellow believers from abroad can become quite difficult,
which also may infringe upon their freedom of religion or belief. Members of Christian
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