A/70/212 90. Members of a minority are less likely to engage with, or participate as actors within, criminal justice institutions as long as the members of that minority face active discrimination within the system, whether as accused, victims or witnesses. This being the case, non-minority officials and representatives must also act on their own initiative to address discrimination in the administration of justice, and to transform negative feedback cycles of distrust into positive feedback cycles of progress. 91. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) recommendations on policing in multi-ethnic societies, which provide detailed guidance on making police services more representative and enhancing communication between police and minority communities, should be regarded by all States as a useful framework, relevant as well for national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. 92. Sources cited throughout this report provide States with many practical recommendations on how to improve the situation of minorities in the criminal justice system. Space considerations permit the Special Rapporteur to highlight only a few: Collection and analysis of disaggregated data 93. States should collect comprehensive and disaggregated data with regard to the involvement of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities in all aspects of the criminal justice system. Anonymous statistics should be accessible for analysis by government, academic, civil society and regional and international organizations, for the purpose of enabling them to design measures for eliminating discrimination and increasing effective participation in the entire administration of justice. Data should be collected on the basis of individual self-identification and consent (wherever possible) and use should respect the need for personal data and privacy protection, including through anonymization and time limits on retention. Access to justice for minority victims 94. States should ensure that members of minorities are proactively informed, in a language and through a means appropriate to their situation, of their rights as victims of crime, and on how to access support, including legal assistance and interpretation services. To this end, States should consider establishing liaison officers from, or with connections in, the relevant minority communities. 95. Police, prosecutors and judicial authorities must ensure that criminal complaints from members of minorities are pursued with the same diligence that is applied to those of other complainants. Where necessary, special measures and accommodations in investigation and trial procedures should be adopted, in consultation with minority communities. All police should have protocols and training in respect of recording and investigating hate crimes. Minorities and policing 96. States should ensure that individuals are not selected for identity checks, questioning, stops and searches, surveillance or other policing measures solely 24/27 15-12578