A/HRC/29/47 promote the values of non-discrimination, equality, diversity, democracy and respect for all. He recognizes, nonetheless, the important role of parents and family in helping to foster a culture of tolerance and respect. 16. The Special Rapporteur is concerned about ongoing reports that victims are reluctant to come forward and report incidents to the appropriate authorities for fear of reprisals, fear of prosecution, especially if their residence status is precarious or irregular, a belief that police will not investigate, a lack of trust in the criminal justice system in addition to language barriers and ignorance of their rights. The Special Rapporteur urges States to take further measures to better engage with victims so as to reduce fears, create a sense of trust between victims, police and prosecution and promote the reporting of such crimes. Similarly, he encourages the provision of training for law enforcement officers and members of the judiciary in order that they may properly address racist and xenophobic crimes in an effective, appropriate manner, one that is compatible with international human rights standards. 17. The Special Rapporteur takes this opportunity to reiterate the concerns set out in his previous report (A/HRC/23/24) that many racist crimes go underreported, thus potentially underestimating the scope and nature of the problem. The lack of accurate and current ethnically disaggregated data, which include sex-disaggregated data, particularly in the case of irregular migrants and asylum seekers, may give the impression that racist crimes by extremist political parties, movements and groups do not exist, or are less prevalent than in reality. Some national action plans lack mechanisms and sufficient financial support for collecting and disseminating disaggregated data. Collection of such data is critical, as it can help inform policy decisions on combating those crimes. The Special Rapporteur is of the opinion that both States and civil society should establish detailed systems for recording, reporting and monitoring such incidents and for encouraging victims to report them. III. Cyberracism and hate propaganda disseminated in social media by extremist political parties, movements and groups1 18. According to information received, racist and intolerant hate speech in political discourse is escalating, in particular against refugees and asylum seekers. In the media, on the Internet and in social networks, expressions of racism and xenophobia against foreigners and ethnic minorities have become commonplace, as has abusive language, when referring, for example, to the Roma. In Eastern Europe, the Special Rapporteur has received reports of an open anti-Roma campaign waged by the media in one country where Roma are presented as a demographic threat. According to reports, there is a worrying tolerance of such practices on the part of the public. 19. The Special Rapporteur notes with regret that very few cases of hate speech have been dealt with by justice systems and also that the conviction rate is so low. In one Eastern European country in 2014, out of a total of 56 pretrial proceedings which were initiated under the crime of preaching hatred on religious grounds, not one resulted in a conviction. The trend appears to be that criminal law provisions in force to combat hate speech are rarely invoked and hardly ever successfully. That sets a dangerous precedent implying that hate speech is not a serious offence and can be used with impunity. Although the Special Rapporteur welcomes the response of some high-level public figures who have issued declarations condemning such acts and appealing for solidarity, he notes that some attempts 1 See also the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/26/49). 7