A/HRC/29/47 47. The Special Rapporteur urges States to ensure that victims of crimes motivated by racism or xenophobia have full access to effective legal remedies, including the right to seek reparation for damages suffered as a result of such crimes. He also recommends that States ensure that victims of racist or xenophobic crimes are provided with the necessary legal, medical and psychological assistance and are made aware of their rights and of existing judicial and non-judicial remedies. States should further engage with vulnerable groups or minorities who are at particular risk of racist or xenophobic crimes, with the aim of restoring confidence in law enforcement officials and the criminal justice system and to facilitate better reporting of such crimes. Disaggregated data 48. The Special Rapporteur appreciates efforts made to document racially motivated crimes, and reiterates recommendations made in previous reports to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly that States should collect disaggregated data and statistics on racist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic and homophobic crimes in order to identify the types of offences committed, the characteristics of the victims and of the perpetrators and whether they are affiliated with an extremist political party, movement or group. Such disaggregated data would provide a better understanding of the phenomenon and identify effective measures to be taken to address those crimes. States should provide adequate financial, human and technical resources to improve the quality of data collection systems where those already exist, while ensuring that civil society is involved in the process, which is to be undertaken in such a way as to guarantee the protection of privacy. Education and capacity-building5 49. The Special Rapporteur recalls that education remains the most effective means of countering the negative influence that extremist political parties, movements and groups may have on young people. Recalling paragraph 136 of the Durban Programme of Action, he urges States to ensure that education and training, especially teacher training, promote respect for human rights and the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and that educational institutions implement policies and programmes on equal opportunities, anti-racism, gender equality and cultural, religious and other diversity, with the participation of teachers, parents and students. 50. In particular, the Special Rapporteur recalls paragraph 57 (a) of his 2013 thematic report (A/HRC/23/56), in which he recommended that States should recognize the important role of education in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, especially in promoting the principles of tolerance and respect to ethnic, religious and cultural diversity and preventing the proliferation of extremist racist and xenophobic movements and propaganda, especially among the youth. 51. He also recalls paragraph 57 (e) from the above-mentioned thematic report (A/HRC/23/56), in which he recommended that States should recognize the important role of formal and non-formal education in the deconstruction of prejudices, positive change of negative perceptions, enhanced understanding and social cohesion. To that end, States should be encouraged to implement educational activities and measures, 5 See also the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/23/56). 13