economic problems that were the true causes and background of armed conflict that for many years made Central American countries mourn, were never fully addressed. After more than two decades of validity of the process of Esquipulas, poverty among Central Americans is greater and the democratic deficit in respect to the presence and effective participation of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples still persist, conditioned by structures of power derived from a historical legacy of exclusion that brings with it all its discriminatory effects. Despite the fact that the majority of the population in Guatemala is indigenous, their absence in the ambits of decision-making and political power is notorious. Equally, Afro-descendants and indigenous peoples in other countries of the region—it is true that in some cases they exercise certain influence as pressure groups from civil society—also find themselves limited in their access to the ambits of power. However, it is necessary to recognize the advances achieved in Nicaragua in regards to a greater presence and participation of indigenous and Afro-descendant representatives in the different political spheres of the country under the protection of the Political Constitution of 1987, which expressly establishes: “Nicaragua is a multiethnic and multicultural country.” Thereafter, the statute for the autonomy of the Caribbean coast was approved (Law 28), the region where the greatest concentration of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples can be found. Different from the rest of the country, the Nicaraguan Caribbean was colonized by Great Britain and experienced a unique historical, political, social and cultural evolution. While in the pacific zone the Spanish-speaking mestizo race that largely identifies with the Catholic church is predominant , in the Nicaraguan Caribbean the population is multiethnic and multicultural and is comprised by indigenous peoples (Miskitu, Mayagnas, Ramas), Afro-descendant peoples (Kriols, Garifunas), and mestizos who migrated from the interior and pacific zones. In addition to Spanish, English, Miskitu and Sumo-Mayagna are spoken and the Protestant Christian denominations like the Morava, Baptist, Anglican, Adventist, etc. churches have a strong influence. It wasn’t until 1984 that the government of Nicaragua, against the will of the Caribbean population and through the use of arms, achieved the annexation of the Caribbean coast then denominated La Mosquitia, which counted with its own system of government. Among the first measures adopted after the annexation which stands out is the delegitimation of the Afro-descendant population by implying that they were Jamaican invaders, even though the majority had been present in our Caribbean coast for various generations. The communal lands of the indigenous peoples were confiscated by declaring them “national lands,” to then distribute them between the followers and partisans of the government of the Pacific. Additionally, it was established that the teaching in schools and colleges would be obligatorily taught only in Spanish,