A/HRC/34/53/Add.1 and deeply entrenched in Iraqi society. The defeat of ISIL is only one important step among many needed to address the concerns of communities that are vulnerable to attack, subject to deeply entrenched discrimination and excluded from economic, political and social life. Trust in national authorities and hope for the future must be rebuilt on a foundation of consultation, participation and legal, policy and institutional frameworks for minority rights, which are currently absent. 2