A/HRC/56/67
P.
Zambia
47.
Zambia reported on the legal framework in place to provide protection from
discrimination. For example, article 23 of the Constitution provided for protection from
discrimination on the grounds of race, tribe, sex, place of origin, marital status, political
opinions, colour or creed. The Constitution also protected the right to seek remedies for
discrimination, according to the information received. There were also reportedly provisions
within employment legislation to provide protection from discrimination within the
workplace. The Immigration and Deportation Act of 2010 provided for protection from acts
of xenophobia by immigration officials.
48.
Zambia reported that hate speech and the spread of false information could be linked
to the increasing use of social media. Hate speech was reportedly defined and criminalized
under the Cybersecurity and Cybercrimes Act of 2021. The legislation prescribed criminal
and civil penalties for acts of hate speech. Chapter 87 of the Penal Code Act criminalizes the
expression or showing of hatred, ridicule or contempt, whether spoken or written, for persons
based on their race, place of origin, according to the information provided. Zambia had
established a Cybercrime Section under the Zambia Police Service with a specialized
mandate to handle cybercrimes, including hate speech. Individuals had reportedly been
convicted under the Cybersecurity and Cybercrimes Act, which had acted as a deterrent
against hate speech.
III. Submissions from other stakeholders
49.
In the present section, the Special Rapporteur summarizes the submissions received
from other stakeholders. She emphasizes that, in providing the summaries, she does not
endorse any information provided or endorse or confirm any allegations levelled against
specific actors.
A.
Association of Reintegration of Crimea
50.
The Association of Reintegration of Crimea reported that, since its invasion of
Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation had targeted the civilian population
and infrastructure on a wide scale. The Association reported that such aggression continued
to be connected to discriminatory sentiments, including against Ukrainians and Crimean
Tatars, linguistic and ethnic groups, members of religious minority groups and lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. Hate speech against such groups, including
online, was reported by the Association.
51.
The Association of Reintegration of Crimea referred to the findings of regional and
international bodies concerning the invasion by the Russian Federation, including resolutions
of the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly, findings of the special procedures
mechanisms of the Council and statements of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development. The Association reported that the International Court of Justice had ruled
on 31 January 2024 that the management by the Russian Federation of the education system
in Crimea since 2014 had violated the International Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination. The Association also reported that the International
Criminal Court, on 17 March 2023, had issued an arrest warrant for the President of the
Russian Federation for the war crime of the unlawful deportation of children and the unlawful
transfer of children from occupied areas of Ukraine to the Russian Federation
52.
The Association of Reintegration of Crimea reported that there had been recent spikes
in hate speech, xenophobia and racially discriminatory statements in the Russian Federation.
It reported that the terror attack at the Crocus City Hall in March 2024 was a catalyst for
discriminatory sentiments, including by public officials.
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