regardless of the perpetrator. Failure to do so often leads to repeated and more severe violations. The second area that I want to highlight is the need for dialogue and inter-faith exchanges. I have been encouraged by the variety of projects around the world that seek to build bridges of understanding and respect between persons belonging to different faiths - majorities and minorities – and some of these will be presented to you in this Forum. These are advanced by States, by nongovernmental organisations, or by coalitions of actors. In my report I recommend that States should take a leadership role in the promotion of such inclusive inter-faith projects and exchanges. The role of religious and political leaders in helping to build tolerant, inclusive societies and initiate and support national efforts cannot be over-stated. Community, religious and political figures should be at the forefront of dialogue and inter-community cohesion efforts as well as publicly condemning religious hatred and violence. Too often leaders remain silent in the face of religious hatred or even participate in anti-minority discourse. The creation of a culture of human rights and of respect for those from all faiths, by all, is key. To achieve this, States have a duty to invest heavily and consistently in educating wider society about minority rights and the value that the diversity that exists in our societies brings. This not only benefits minorities but fundamentally strengthens the fabric of our societies and creates the conditions for stability and peaceful coexistence. This Forum benefits greatly from the participation of so many Governmental and non-Governmental actors, minority representatives, and other experts in the field of religious minority rights, including young people and women from all regions. It is a unique opportunity to hear all of your voices and an inclusive venue for discussion of these issues and for the elaboration of important recommendations to help protect and promote the rights of religious minorities. I once again welcome you all and I look forward to our work together over the coming days. Thank you.