A/HRC/28/77 and assistance measures should be prioritized, the international community must be prepared to take collective action, in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, if a State is manifestly failing to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. C. 1. Recommendations for post-violence situations Recommendations to States 68. In post-violence settings, including in the immediate aftermath of violence, States should intensify their efforts to ensure the comprehensive implementation of minority rights, non-discrimination and equality standards. Those rights and standards constitute the foundation for the prevention of further violence against minorities and help to establish the conditions for rebuilding divided societies, as well as their social, economic and cultural well-being. 69. In immediate post-violence settings, States should establish and implement effective communication strategies to assist in monitoring the situation and immediately open constructive dialogue with minority community leaders to hear their concerns, immediate needs and to help to build or restore trust and confidence. 70. Assessment of ongoing and urgent security and humanitarian situations should be undertaken to identify immediate and medium to longer term needs and risks posed to different minority communities, particularly where displacement has occurred, livelihoods have been affected and rapid return to places of origin is not possible. 71. In the immediate aftermath of violence or conflict, States should respond coherently, rapidly and effectively to provide basic safety and physical security to minorities, including the provision of basic services such as shelter, water and sanitation, health care and primary education. 72. Following incidents of violence or conflict, minority women and girls may be at particular risk of gender-based violence. States should pay particular attention to the situation of women belonging to diverse ethnic, national, religious or other minorities, who are often a target in post-violence scenarios as symbolic representatives of their community. Where women in post-violence situations have taken on household and community leadership roles, those roles should be recognized and fully integrated into post-violence decision-making processes. 73. States should pay particular attention to the situation and security of minorities affected by conflict in which they have been caught up, but to which they are not parties, including by protecting minorities from violence and from forced conversion by the main parties to the conflict. 74. In conformity with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, States should pay particular attention to communities that have been internally displaced in the aftermath of violence or conflict. States should assess their needs and, where appropriate, ensure their secure, sustainable and voluntary return to their places of origin. Any decision upon their return or resettlement must be taken in consultation with communities, and in situations of protracted displacement, appropriate, durable, medium and long-term solutions should be put in place. 75. States should conduct in-depth analysis on violence and conflicts to uncover their underlying causes, including long-term structural causes, and to prevent violence reoccurring or developing into full-scale conflict. To that end, any conflict analysis framework should incorporate indicators on minority rights. 12