Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities of 1992, and other United Nations provisions, which
represent in one way or another an international authority, which can oblige states to [fulfil] their
responsibilities towards their people. Hence the importance of the International Bill of Human
Rights, which often remains weak in the implementation due to the failure of these international
provisions on Human rights to gather the force of law in most countries of the world. Rather, it
remains non-binding, which leads to a weak international position in front of the people, whether
during periods of calm or war. After nearly a century of UN’s international experience, this
organization should take it upon itself more seriously to follow up on the field and [have] effective
accountability not only [from] the main government of a member country, but also regional
governments,
which
enjoy
the
advantages
of
the
region
in
a
particular
state.
International organizations were not endowed with the legal possibility of accountability nor given
time limits for each situation. The traditionally known conduct, represented by certain penalties for
a state disobeying the Security Council's resolutions, is not useful anymore, despite the success of
the latter in imposing its resolutions in the case of the military intervention, which took place in Iraq
in 2003 as an example, but not limited to it.
c) Judiciary
The judiciary is an authority adjudicating the disputes brought before them. It is the third power of the state
and shares power with the legislative and executive body. It is responsible for interpreting the laws the
Parliament enacted and their implementation by the government. It is responsible for the judges and the
courts in the State and for the attainment of justice in the state, as well as it is responsible for the
credibility of the laws in the state.
In other words the judiciary establishes justice and equality by implementing the terms of the constitutional
laws in its various levels, in order to preserve the rights of every individual and group in society.
d) Supe rvisory authority
Supervisory authorities are many and differ from one country to the other among them the national [ones]
such as the regulatory system adopted in Iraq. As an example [there is] the financial supervision, which at
the end of the financial year oversees a yearly audit on the condition of expenses and the state budget
spending in its precise details. There is also the impartial commission, which was established by the
Americans after the change of the dictatorial regime and which was expanded to all government
departments in order to implement control mechanisms, not only after the occurrence of corruption, but to