Inequalities because of ethnicity, religious affiliation, and other minority status have been systematically perpetuated throughout the last century, also referred to as ‘the century of progress’. During this conference, we had the chance to listen to some very interesting statements concerning the issue of these discriminatory differentiations. Moreover, what is of particular interest for us, is the future of such measures that exclude minorities who, all too often, find themselves in very poor socioeconomic conditions. The idea of positive discrimination is not only a way to achieve social and economic equality within a nation or an international community, but it is also a great tool to shed light on some inequalities or discriminatory injustices that otherwise would not be revealed. One of the most striking examples of this is undoubtedly the Kurdish diaspora in the world. Victims of confusions concerning their religious and ethnic identity, they too are discriminated against and misunderstood, despite their long history and culture that have been shaped by the turning points of the previous century. In the end, the road ahead guides us to knowledge exchange, cultural sharing and a common contribution to one community, and not to communitarianism. In this light, positive discrimination is an enterprise of the 21st century.