Ms. Pallical stated that while traditional mainstream media resists to cover issues related to Dalits and other marginalized communities, social media has provided them with an opportunity to share their thoughts and ideas; even if they have difficulties to access these platforms. However, she regretted that in social media, an atmosphere of fear and intolerance has been created, where hate speech is present and perpetrators get away with impunity. She noted that there are seldom any mechanisms of accountability to address hate speech and when opinions are voiced against these perpetrators in the real world, it can lead to violence and death; including rape and murder threats to women. She was also concerned by misinformation and rumours that tend to create unrest that lead to casteism, patriarchy and religious intolerance, and fuel hate speech against minorities and marginalised communities. However, Ms. Pallical was encouraged by the use by certain social media platforms of layers to filter hatred and community standards and rules. Ms. Pallical recommended that: all stakeholders have a Zero tolerance policy for hate speech; the UN supports a new generation of digital citizens; digital accountability clauses are included in legislation; community standards in social media are strengthened; and marginalised communities like the Dalits are included as part of the policy teams within the platforms. She emphasised that online spaces must be inclusive and equitable and safe, so people from all castes, class, race, ethnicity, sexuality and colour can use these spaces to further amplify their voices and opinions. Ms. Lecia Brooks, Chief of Staff of the Southern Poverty Law Centre (SPLC) started her intervention with information on hate crime in the USA in 2019, which showed the highest numbers reported since 2008 and the highest number of hate crime murders since this data started being collected in 1991. She pointed out that race-based hate crimes were most numerous, the vast majority of them being directed at black people. There was also an increase in anti-Hispanic hate crimes, crimes against Jews and Jewish institutions and crimes against people and institutions on the basis of sexual orientation. Ms. Brooks then proceeded with three points in her intervention. First, she highlighted a surging white nationalist movement in the United States. Second, she stated that this movement is rooted in a toxic, anti-democratic white supremacist ideology that is metastasizing on social media networks and other websites that traffic in hate. Finally, she pointed out that there are tools and tactics that can be used to effectively address this threat. Ms. Brooks noted the techniques used by the SPLC that address this issue. These include a legal strategy adapted to the digital age suing major white supremacist organizations and individuals; promotion of anti-bias, anti-hate and democracy-building education programs in schools; and assistance to parents and caregivers to develop digital and civic literacy skills and build awareness and resiliency to radicalizing extremist content at home and in learning environments. She also stressed the importance of civic leaders and opinion molders to use their public platforms to condemn hate and extremism. 8