ANNEXES the General Assembly at its forty-fifth session, to the effect that a series of seminars or workshops should be organized at the national level for the purpose of training those involved in the preparation of State Party reports, Concerned over the continued failure of certain States Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to meet their reporting obligations under the Convention, Believing that training courses and workshops organized on the national level might prove of immeasurable assistance to officials responsible for the preparation of such State Party reports, 1. Requests the Secretary-General to organize, in consultation with the States Parties concerned, appropriate national training courses and workshops for their reporting officials as soon as practicable; 2. Recommends that the services of the staff of the Centre for Human Rights as well as of the experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination should be utilized, as appropriate, in the conduct of such training courses and workshops. General Recommendation XI on non-citizens (42nd session, 1993) 1. Article 1, paragraph 1, of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination defines racial discrimination. Article 1, paragraph 2, excepts from this definition actions by a State Party which differentiate between citizens and non-citizens. Article 1, paragraph 3, qualifies article 1, paragraph 2, by declaring that, among non-citizens, States Parties may not discriminate against any particular nationality. 2. The Committee has noted that article 1, paragraph 2, has on occasion been interpreted as absolving States Parties from any obligation to report on matters relating to legislation on foreigners. The Committee therefore affirms that States Parties are under an obligation to report fully upon legislation on foreigners and its implementation. 3. The Committee further affirms that article 1, paragraph 2, must not be interpreted to detract in any way from the rights and freedoms recognized and enunciated in other instruments, especially the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. General Recommendation XII on successor States (42nd session, 1993) The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Emphasizing the importance of universal participation of States in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Taking into account the emergence of successor States as a result of the dissolution of States, 1. Encourages successor States that have not yet done so to confirm to the Secretary-General, as depositary of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, that they continue to be bound by obligations under that Convention, if predecessor States were parties to it; 2. Invites successor States that have not yet done so to accede to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination if predecessor States were not parties to it; 3. Invites successor States to consider the importance of making the declaration under article 14, paragraph 1, of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, recognizing the competence of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to receive and consider individual communications. General Recommendation XIII on the training of law enforcement officials in the protection of human rights (42nd session, 1993) 1. In accordance with article 2, paragraph 1, of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, States Parties have undertaken that all public authorities and public institutions, national and local, will not engage in any practice of racial discrimination; further, States Parties have undertaken to guarantee the rights listed in article 5 of the Convention to everyone without distinction as to race, colour or national or ethnic origin. 2. The fulfilment of these obligations very much depends upon national law enforcement officials who exercise police powers, especially the powers of detention or arrest, and upon whether they are properly informed about the obligations their State has entered into under the Convention. Law enforcement officials should receive intensive training to ensure that in the performance of their duties they respect as well as protect human dignity and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons without distinction as to race, colour or national or ethnic origin. 3. In the implementation of article 7 of the Convention, the Committee calls upon States Parties to review and improve the training of law enforcement officials so that the standards of the Convention as well as the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (1979) are fully implemented. They should also include respective information thereupon in their periodic reports. General Recommendation XIV on Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention (42nd session, 1993) 1. Non-discrimination, together with equality before the law and equal protection of the law without any discrimination, constitutes a basic principle in the protection of human rights. The Committee wishes to draw the attention of States Parties to certain features of the definition of racial discrimination in article 1, paragraph 1, of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. It is of the opinion that the words based on do not bear any meaning different from on the grounds of in preambular paragraph 7. A distinction is contrary to the Convention if it has either the ICERD: A GUIDE FOR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 29