6 to provide that the time spent by young persons in vocational training during the normal working hours with the consent of the employer shall be treated as forming part of the working day; 7 to provide that employed persons of under 18 years of age shall be entitled to not less than three weeks' annual holiday with pay; 8 to provide that persons under 18 years of age shall not be employed in night work with the exception of certain occupations provided for by national laws or regulations; 9 to provide that persons under 18 years of age employed in occupations prescribed by national laws or regulations shall be subject to regular medical control; 10 to ensure special protection against physical and moral dangers to which children and young persons are exposed, and particularly against those resulting directly or indirectly from their work. Article 8 – The right of employed women to protection With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of employed women to protection, the Contracting Parties undertake: 1 to provide either by paid leave, by adequate social security benefits or by benefits from public funds for women to take leave before and after childbirth up to a total of at least 12 weeks; 2 to consider it as unlawful for an employer to give a woman notice of dismissal during her absence on maternity leave or to give her notice of dismissal at such a time that the notice would expire during such absence; 3 to provide that mothers who are nursing their infants shall be entitled to sufficient time off for this purpose; 4 a to regulate the employment of women workers on night work in industrial employment; b to prohibit the employment of women workers in underground mining, and, as appropriate, on all other work which is unsuitable for them by reason of its dangerous, unhealthy, or arduous nature. Article 9 – The right to vocational guidance With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to vocational guidance, the Contracting Parties undertake to provide or promote, as necessary, a service which will assist all persons, including the handicapped, to solve problems related to occupational choice and progress, with due regard to the individual's characteristics and their relation to occupational opportunity: this assistance should be available free of charge, both to young persons, including school children, and to adults. Article 10 – The right to vocational training With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to vocational training, the Contracting Parties undertake: 1 to provide or promote, as necessary, the technical and vocational training of all persons, including the handicapped, in consultation with employers' and workers' organisations, and to grant facilities for access to higher technical and university education, based solely on individual aptitude; 2 to provide or promote a system of apprenticeship and other systematic arrangements for training young boys and girls in their various employments; 3 to provide or promote, as necessary: 4 a adequate and readily available training facilities for adult workers; b special facilities for the re training of adult workers needed as a result of technological development or new trends in employment; to encourage the full utilisation of the facilities provided by appropriate measures such as: a reducing or abolishing any fees or charges; b granting financial assistance in appropriate cases; c including in the normal working hours time spent on supplementary training taken by the worker, at the request of his employer, during employment; d ensuring, through adequate supervision, in consultation with the employers' and workers' organisations, the efficiency of apprenticeship and other training arrangements for young workers, and the adequate protection of young workers generally. Article 11 – The right to protection of health With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to protection of health, the Contracting Parties undertake, either directly or in co operation with public or private organisations, to take appropriate measures designed inter alia: 1 to remove as far as possible the causes of ill health; 2 to provide advisory and educational facilities for the promotion of health and the encouragement of individual responsibility in matters of health; 3 to prevent as far as possible epidemic, endemic and other diseases. Article 12 – The right to social security With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social security, the Contracting Parties undertake: 1 to establish or maintain a system of social security; 2 to maintain the social security system at a satisfactory level at least equal to that required for ratification of International Labour Convention (No. 102) Concerning Minimum Standards of Social Security; 3 to endeavour to raise progressively the system of social security to a higher level; 4 to take steps, by the conclusion of appropriate bilateral and multilateral agreements, or by other means, and subject to the conditions laid down in such agreements, in order to ensure: a equal treatment with their own nationals of the nationals of other Contracting Parties in respect of social security rights, including the retention of benefits arising out of social security legislation, whatever movements the persons protected may undertake between the territories of the Contracting Parties; b the granting, maintenance and resumption of social security rights by such means as the accumulation of insurance or employment periods completed under the legislation of each of the Contracting Parties. Article 13 – The right to social and medical assistance