E/2012/43 E/C.19/2012/13 traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional cultural expressions, and to provide comments thereon to the Intergovernmental Committee through the Forum. The review should be undertaken within the framework of indigenous human rights. 51. The Permanent Forum calls upon States to organize regional and national consultations to enable indigenous peoples to prepare for and participate effectively in sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee. 52. Consistent with article 18 of the Declaration, the Permanent Forum requests Member States to explore and establish modalities to ensure the equal, full and direct participation of indigenous peoples in all negotiations of the Intergovernmental Committee. 53. As highlighted in article 31 of the Declaration, the Permanent Forum requests that both WIPO and States take effective measures and establish mechanisms to recognize the right of indigenous peoples to protect their intellectual property, including their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions, as well as the manifestations of their sciences, technologies and cultures, including human and genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, sports and traditional games, and visual and performing arts. 54. The Permanent Forum calls upon WIPO to strengthen its efforts to reach out to indigenous peoples and to continue to provide practical assistance and capacitystrengthening for and in cooperation with indigenous peoples. 55. The Permanent Forum calls upon the Intergovernmental Committee to appoint representatives of indigenous peoples as members of any Friends of the Chair groups and as co-chairs of any working groups and drafting groups that may be established by the Committee. It also calls upon the Committee to appoint an indigenous person as a co-chair of the Committee as a whole. Half-day discussion on the rights of indigenous peoples to food and food sovereignty 56. The Permanent Forum notes that indigenous peoples’ right to food and food sovereignty is inextricably linked with the collective recognition of rights to land and territories and resources, culture, values and social organization. Subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, traditional herding, shifting cultivation and gathering are essential not only to the right to food, but to nurturing their cultures, languages, social life and identity. The right to food depends on access to and control over their lands and other natural resources in their territories. The Forum notes that displacement, resource development such as mining, monoculture, natural disasters and other activities have an impact on food sovereignty; article 10 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is relevant to food sovereignty because, without indigenous peoples’ access to forests, oceans, rivers, lakes and lands for cultivation and food source sustainability, food sovereignty is impossible to achieve. The levels of hunger and malnutrition among indigenous peoples are often disproportionately higher than among the non-indigenous population yet they often do not benefit from programmes designed to fight hunger and malnutrition or to promote development. 57. The Permanent Forum welcomes the legal reforms and policies carried out in some States to recognize the right of indigenous peoples to food and food 10 12-35917