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fight racism. Lastly, it would create hate crime legislation for certain crimes “based
on one’s identity”.
74. Turkey informed the Special Rapporteur that article 10 of its Constitution
prohibits discrimination and provides for “special measures” to protect particularly
disadvantaged groups. Civil and criminal law also prohibit discrimination in specific
sectors. The Law on Anti-Discrimination and Equality establishes an
anti-discrimination and equality board to address complaints regarding discrimination.
The Law applies to public and private actors and foresees 11 types of discrimination
under the titles of “segregation”, “ordering discrimination and implementing such
orders”, “multiple discrimination”, “direct discrimination”, “indirect discrimination”,
“workplace mobbing”, “victimizing”, “failing to make reasonable arrangements”,
“hate speech”, “harassment” and “discrimination based on assumptions”. Social and
educational efforts also contribute to the fight against discrimination.
75. In Albania, the creation of the Commissioner for Protection from
Discrimination by Law No. 10 221 37 has enabled victims to lodge a complaint in
four different languages, including minority languages: English, Albanian, Greek
and Romani. 38 Similarly, the website of the Office of the Ombudsman of the
Plurinational State of Bolivia has been translated into four languages (Spanish,
Guarani, Quechua and Aymara), 39 and the website of the Office of the Ombudsman
of Peru has been translated into Quechua. 40
76. In Romania, the National Council for Combating Discrimination is unique; its
activities address 14 grounds for discrimination. Its criteria include employment,
nationality, language, social category, the presence of a chronic non -infectious
disease or HIV infection, being part of a disfavoured category and any other
grounds for discrimination aimed at or with the result of impairing or nullifying the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise, in conditions of equality, of human rights and
fundamental freedoms or of rights granted by law in the political, economic, social,
cultural or other fields of public life. 41
77. In Mexico, the Instituto Nelson Mandela was created following the
proclamation of the International Decade for People of African Descent to carry out
awareness-raising campaigns and training on equality and non -discrimination for
the general public and civil servants. 42 In addition, an agreement was reached
between the Secretary of the Civil Service and the National Council for the
Prevention of Discrimination that ensures the principle of equality and
non-discrimination within the code of conduct for federal civil servants while
performing their duties. Also in Mexico, the National Programme for Equality and
Non-Discrimination (2014-2018) sets targets for every public institution to review,
incorporate, adapt and strengthen their norms and practices so that regulatory and
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38
39
40
41
42
16-13565
See website of the Commissioner for Protection from Discrimination, www.kmd.al/.
See http://minorityrights.org/country/albania/.
See www.defensoria.gob.bo/.
See www.defensoria.gob.pe/.
See www.equineteurope.org/National-Council-for-Combating.
See website of the Ibero-American Network of Agencies and Organizations against
Discrimination, “Prácticas y propuestas antidiscriminatorias” (in Spanish, accessed 20 June
2016).
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