A/71/301 many cases can neither condemn the party found guilty of discrimination to a fine nor award compensation payments to the victim. 56. The Special Rapporteur has also noticed that, where they exist, nation al plans of action to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance do not necessarily create national specialized equality bodies. Similarly, when these bodies are already in existence, national action plans rarely involve them in their activities. In this regard, Member States should take into account the unique potential of national specialized bodies as instruments of implementation of the different activities described in national plans of action. E. Examples of work undertaken by national specialized bodies and in national action plans to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance 1. International and regional levels 57. The Anti-Racial Discrimination Section in OHCHR has developed guidelines on national human rights action plans, as well as guidelines for national plans of action for human rights education. It has provided guidance to several States on how to develop national action plans against racial discrimination, has followed up on the implementation of various such plans and has provided technical assistance to States that are currently developing, implementing or considering the development of such a plan. 33 Similarly, the Section has engaged in partnerships with national specialized bodies and with regional and international bodies working on the issues of equality, racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance. 58. The European Network of Equality Bodies brings together 45 organizations from 33 European countries with the task of counteracting discrimination across the range of grounds, including age, disability, gender, race or ethnic origin, religion or belief, and sexual orientation. The Network aims to promote equality in Europe by supporting and enabling the work of national specialized bodies so that they can be valuable catalysts for more equal societies. 34 59. An interesting initiative is shown in a case study from 2010, in which the European Network of Equality Bodies working group on dynamic interpreta tion sent real-life cases to equality bodies in order to analyse how European Union directive 2000/43/EC and national legislation are applied in practice. This resulted in a comparison of the different national legal solutions to the cases in order to achieve a number of objectives: identifying patterns in the way in which the directive has been implemented and applied in national laws; identifying potential gaps in protection or areas requiring legal clarification in the directive; and identifying potential and existing legislative gaps in national legal systems. 35 As a result of the study, the working group sent a recommendation to members of the Network relating to discrimination in the housing sector on the grounds of Roma origin. __________________ 33 34 35 16-13565 See Developing National Action Plans against Racial Discrimination: A Practical Guide (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.13.XIV.3). See www.equineteurope.org/-About-us-. European Network of Equality Bodies, Dynamic Interpretation: European Anti-Discrimination Law in Practice V (Brussels, 2010), p. 5. 15/21