Police involvement in violence against minorities occurs against a backdrop of other forms of harassment, including ethnic profiling. Data on “stop and frisk” by the New York Police Department shows that 54 per cent of those stopped by police officers were African-American despite making up just 25.5 per cent of the city’s population. Nearly 9 out of 10 of those targetted were innocent, also confirmed by the NYPD’s own reports. But this is a worldwide pattern – Roma in Europe, Dalits in India, Christians in Pakistan have reported that they face harassment from the very institutions which should be protecting them. A critical step to address these issues is the setting up of readily accessible, effective and independent police complaints procedures. MRG welcomes therefore recommendation no. 23; we would however expand it beyond issues concerning unlawful force, as police harassment and discrimination of minority communities may also take other forms.