A/HRC/4/19/Add.4 page 15 foreign minors not born in Italy, the draft law foresees three requirements for the acquisition of citizenship: (i) an application by the natural or legal parents (if one of them was born in Italy or had legally resided there for five years) or an application of the minor on turning 18 years; (ii) uninterrupted legal residence of the minor for at least five years; and (iii) completion by the minor of a school cycle or vocational training or one year’s work. The second major change would reduce from 10 to 5 years the period of uninterrupted residence required to qualify for naturalization, provided that the income requirements are met and that in all cases involving adults a test determining a degree of linguistic and social integration is passed. Last, regarding naturalization by marriage, the draft would extend the original six months of residence in Italy to two years from the date of marriage, with a view to countering so-called “marriages of convenience”. G. Combating racism in sport 31. Decree Law 162/2005 was adopted to provide new measures aiming at preventing and repressing dangerous behaviours during sports events. This decree also set up a National Observatory on Sports Events, whose tasks are first, to monitor acts of violence and intolerance committed at sports events; second, to promote initiatives for the prevention of violence and intolerance in collaboration with associations and local, public and private bodies; and third, to publish an annual report on acts of violence and intolerance during sports events. The Code of Justice in Sports was amended in September 2006 to introduce disciplinary and pecuniary sanctions for those who directly or indirectly offend, denigrate or insult on grounds of race, religion, colour, etc.25 32. UNAR has directly addressed racism in sport by launching awareness-raising campaigns for TV and mass media, as well as among the members of the Football Federation and its associated leagues, that led to the establishment of a working group to identify the existing regulations and to design new ones to combat racism in football. In addition, during one of its awareness-raising activities - the Week of Action against Racism - UNAR undertook numerous activities at sports events. IV. VIEWS OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND CONCERNED GROUPS A. General legal and institutional framework to combat racism, xenophobia and discrimination 33. Civil society denounced the following major obstacles: the lack of a national action plan to combat racism, xenophobia and related intolerance; the need to improve the implementation of current anti-discrimination legislation by increasing the knowledge of judicial and law enforcement officials about existing legislation, as well as publicizing and informing about the civil and criminal remedies available to victims of racial and ethnic discrimination; the instrumentalization of racism by some political parties; the lack of electoral rights (active and passive) preventing political parties from taking the interests of non-citizens fully into account; and the lack of independence of UNAR as a body within the Ministry of Rights and Equal Opportunities, in contravention of article 13 of the Racial Equality directive. In the field of 25 See article 9 bis of the Code of Justice in Sports (Codice di giustizia sportiva).