A/59/377 57. The conditions on departure of migrants, the proper management of secure borders, and the interception, detention, deportation/repatriation and return of undocumented migrants are some of the areas in which cooperation between States is essential. The Special Rapporteur considers that source countries have an obligation to ensure that the rights of their nationals are respected during all stages of the migratory process, from a safe departure to a decent return. States of origin should therefore ensure access to effective consular assistance and protection by granting sufficient human, material and financial resources for that purpose. Consular authorities should have sufficient resources to be able to give particular attention to the protection of unaccompanied minors and to assist in the repatriation of victims of trafficking when they explicitly so request.15 58. Lastly, the Special Rapporteur urges States to improve the transparency of their consultative processes on migration management, which should also allow for the active participation of non-governmental organizations specializing in that area and other civil society stakeholders. The Regional Conference on Migration and the CIS Conference both had very positive results in this regard.16 V. Conclusions and recommendations 59. Through a concise description of the activities carried out during the period under review, the Special Rapporteur notes a continuing deterioration in the human rights situation of migrants and in particular those with irregular administrative status. The most frequent abuses against immigrants occur in the context of discriminatory, xenophobic and racist practices, the administrative detention of undocumented immigrants, and various forms of exploitation of migrant workers. During her visits, the Special Rapporteur observed an increase in migration pressures and a worsening of certain problems, such as the smuggling of migrants. The Special Rapporteur notes that this situation contrasts with the scant importance given to the human rights of this vulnerable group in discussions on immigration policies. 60. The Special Rapporteur welcomes those developments that took place during the period under review which in her view are helping to improve the protection of the human rights of migrants. 61. The Special Rapporteur considers that traditional ways of managing migratory flows have become obsolete now that immigration takes place in the context of globalization. Up to now the management of migratory flows has been based on the logic of the nation State; however, the extraordinary compatibility between globalization and international migration has led to the failure of immigration policies based on internal security and specific economic interests. Moreover, the phenomenon of migration highlights the existence of structural problems that cannot be resolved through ad hoc measures, much less unilateral ones. The Special Rapporteur would like to point out that, as long as disparities in development persist, immigration flows to rich countries and more prosperous developing countries will continue. 62. The Special Rapporteur is encouraged by the large number of consultative processes on migration management and recognizes the efforts being made in the context of various intergovernmental initiatives to find new ways of effectively managing the phenomenon and arriving at common positions that allow for 18