A/RES/65/277 States to apply measures and procedures for enforcing intellectual property rights in such a manner as to avoid creating barriers to the legitimate trade in medicines, and to provide for safeguards against the abuse of such measures and procedures; (c) Encouraging the voluntary use, where appropriate, of new mechanisms such as partnerships, tiered pricing, open-source sharing of patents and patent pools benefiting all developing countries, including through entities such as the Medicines Patent Pool, to help to reduce treatment costs and encourage development of new HIV treatment formulations, including HIV medicines and point-of-care diagnostics, in particular for children; 72. Urge relevant international organizations, upon request and in accordance with their respective mandates, such as, where appropriate, the World Intellectual Property Organization, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization, to provide national Governments of developing countries with technical and capacity-building assistance for the efforts of those Governments to increase access to HIV medicines and treatment, in accordance with the national strategies of each Government, consistent with, and including through the use of, existing flexibilities under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, as confirmed by the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health; 73. Commit by 2015 to address factors that limit treatment uptake and contribute to treatment stock-outs and delays in drug production and delivery, inadequate storage of medicines, patient dropout, including inadequate and inaccessible transportation to clinical sites, lack of accessibility of information, resources and sites, especially for persons with disabilities, sub-optimal management of treatmentrelated side effects, poor adherence to treatment, out-of-pocket expenses for non-drug components of treatment, loss of income associated with clinic attendance and inadequate human resources for health care; 74. Call upon pharmaceutical companies to take measures to ensure timely production and delivery of affordable, good quality and effective antiretroviral medicines so as to contribute to maintaining an efficient national system of distribution of these medicines; 75. Expand efforts to combat tuberculosis, which is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV, by improving tuberculosis screening, tuberculosis prevention, access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis and access to antiretroviral therapy, through more integrated delivery of HIV and tuberculosis services in line with the Global Plan to Stop TB 2011–2015, and commit by 2015 to work towards reducing tuberculosis deaths among people living with HIV by 50 per cent; 76. Commit to reduce the high rates of HIV and hepatitis B and C co-infection by developing, as soon as practicable, an estimate of the global treatment need, increasing efforts towards the development of a vaccine for hepatitis C and rapidly expanding access to appropriate vaccination for hepatitis B and to diagnostics and treatment of HIV and hepatitis co-infections; Advancing human rights to reduce stigma, discrimination and violence related to HIV 12