A/58/275 44. Upon their return, migrants often have no savings and few opportunities for employment. Many may have lost their skills after a long period of employment in a sector where these skills were not used. Many are forced to return to their countries prematurely and may still have debts in connection with their departure. Also, reintegration in the family is not always easy: not infrequently, spouses/partners have begun new relationships and children have suffered psychological problems owing to the absence of the parent. A dependency on migrant workers’ incomes may have developed and families often do not engage in alternative income-generating activities. If the returnee finds a job, the wages are usually not enough to provide for the needs of his or her family. Often, even if migrants manage to save money and attempt to set up a business upon return, they fail because of lack of planning, training and information on business conditions in their countries. All of these circumstances frequently leave returning migrants with no choice other than to migrate again, through either regular or irregular channels. 45. The Special Rapporteur recommends the development of comprehensive reintegration programmes involving migrants, their families, Governments and civil society at large. Migrants and their families should be assisted to form organizations such as support groups and cooperatives. Migrants’ communities should help in establishing business ventures and social enterprises that would generate long-term employment. Governments should help migrants to invest their savings by, for example, providing incentives for business development and business and management training. If migrants were provided with incentives to return to their countries of origin upon completion of their contracts, the chances of their overstaying their visas or work permits — thus becoming irregular migrants vulnerable to exploitation — would decrease. 46. The Special Rapporteur has observed with concern that often migrants, including those deported, return to their countries of origin without savings and without the money earned while in detention centres. Efforts should be made to combat extortion, pillage and illegal taxation. 47. The Special Rapporteur has noted that often the money earned by migrants is not used for productive activities, for example for the generation of jobs or for the development of local communities in countries or areas of origin. This can be due to several factors, including the difficulties encountered in transferring money, especially for irregular migrants, and the costs associated with it. Safe, secure and accessible means of transferring remittances should be provided. If migrant workers contribute to social security schemes, it is important to ensure that contributions and benefits can be transferred back to the country of origin, including through specific agreements between countries of origin and destination. 48. The Special Rapporteur believes that the social and psychological impact of migration on migrants and their families should also be cushioned. To this end, both States of origin and States of destination should undertake efforts to ensure better communication and contacts between migrants and their families, including by facilitating visits. 49. The Special Rapporteur suggests that Governments should also increase efforts to implement registration systems for their migrating citizens and monitor their return. That would also make it possible to monitor the problems faced by returnees, and as such to develop appropriate strategies to facilitate their social and economic integration. 16