A/HRC/59/62/Add.1 government in affected states, such as Santa Catarina. She welcomes the establishment by the National Human Rights Council of a Special Rapporteur for Combating the Growth of Neo-Nazi Cells in Brazil but urges further action. L. Access to justice and remedy for victims and survivors of racial discrimination 59. The Special Rapporteur received concerning reports about the low number of investigations, prosecutions and convictions regarding racial discrimination and racist crimes. This can contribute to impunity and sends a disturbing message that racism and racial discrimination are acceptable, thus perpetuating systemic oppression. 60. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the fact that the “Dial 100” (Disque 100) hotline for reporting human rights violations is in place and that the Ministry of Racial Equality is taking steps to improve the reporting and referral of racist incidents, including those that might constitute crimes. While such steps are welcome, the Special Rapporteur also received concerning information about barriers to access to justice and remedy once incidents of racism and racial discrimination have been reported and referred to the justice system. These include long delays in proceedings, difficulties in accessing legal aid and hostility in the justice system towards those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups. 61. One way that the justice system can build trust with those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups is through adequate racial representation. As such, the Special Rapporteur is concerned about information she received about the lack of representation of those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups in the judicial system. She welcomes the National Justice Council programme on racial equality for the Brazilian justice system, which includes measures to improve racial representation, and encourages its effective and timely implementation. V. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 62. It was very evident to the Special Rapporteur that people of African descent, Indigenous Peoples, Quilombola communities, Roma people and persons from other marginalized racial and ethnic groups, including those who face intersectional discrimination on the basis of disability, gender, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex status, or migrant or refugee status, continue to experience multifaceted, deeply interconnected and pervasive manifestations of systemic racism. 63. Endemic structural violence and exclusion – which dehumanize persons from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, cause often irreparable harm and render people invisible within society – were consistently reported to the Special Rapporteur as being integral characteristics of systemic racism. Neither racial identity nor racial discrimination are monolithic in Brazil. It is clear that there is heterogeneity among the different racial and ethnic groups. There also appear to be differences in the lived experiences of those living in rural and urban areas. While such differences are significant and should be reflected in anti-racism measures, the systematized nature of racial discrimination and pervasive racialized violence and exclusion appear to be common characteristics of the lived experiences of those from diverse marginalized racial and ethnic groups. 64. There is a direct link between these contemporary manifestations of systemic racism and the complex history of Brazil, which includes Portuguese colonialism, previously legalized enslavement and military dictatorships. Systemic racism appears to have endured since the formation of the State of Brazil, despite courageous and sustained advocacy among anti-racism human rights defenders. GE.25-06011 15