housing, health care, social protection, public goods and services, and other relevant areas. • While the prohibition of discrimination based on identity it is imperative that we must go further to create actual equal opportunities for social and economic participation that leave no one behind • State should implement policies to reduce inequalities affecting persons belonging to national minorities. • To promote the social and economic participation of persons belonging to national minorities, special measures may be necessary in areas such as employment, education and training, political representation, financial services, land tenure and property rights, pensions and social security. • Special measures may take various forms, including funding allocations, quotas, recruitment or skills training programmes, or targeted opportunities to access grants or credit support. • As obstacles to participation in social and economic life may vary for different communities or individuals within communities, special measures should be tailored to address specific needs and circumstances Minority Youth • Migrants and refugees face many challenges and obstacles standing in the way of their socio-economic empowerment • Some of the additional barriers that confront them are: 1. Lack of access to quality education and skills training: 2. High unemployment and underemployment: 3. Lack of access to mentorship and role models: 4. Lack of social capital and civic engagement: • It is important to listen to the voices and experiences of minority youth, and to involve them and their parents in the design and implementation of policies and programs that aim to address their needs and aspirations. • Some examples of special measures to empower youth from minority backgrounds include: 2