E/CN.4/1988/45
page 24
3. Infringements of the right to bring up children in accordance
with the religion or belief chosen by the parents (art. 5 of
the Declaration)
51. With regard to the education of children, there are also continuing
reports of infringements in various countries of the right to organize family
life in accordance with a particular religion or belief and the right of
children to have access to religious education in accordance with the wishes
of their parents and to be protected from any form of discrimination based on
religion. Mention has already been made, inter alia, of the allegations of
discriminatory treatment against Coptic pupils in schools in Egypt; also in
that country, the Minister of Education reportedly stated that programmes of
religious instruction would be revised to bring them in line with Islamic
principles. Reference may also be made to the case in which a number of Czech
priests were reportedly arrested for imparting, in their own homes, courses of
religious instruction to children. Another example is Tibet, where religious
instruction is said not to be authorized by the Chinese authorities.
B.
Religious intolerance and other infringements of human rights
52. The initial report listed the various human rights whose enjoyment was
jeopardized by religious intolerance, such as the right to life, the rights to
physical integrity, the rights to liberty and security of person, the right to
freedom of movement, and the right to freedom of opinion and expression. The
Special Rapporteur is bound to note that there has been a persistence of such
infringements of human rights and fundamental freedoms as a result of
intolerance or discrimination based on religious or belief during the period
since the initial report. The information available to him describes
situations revealing various forms of physical or mental persecution,
sentences ranging from capital punishment to a variety of detention measures,
restrictions on the freedom of movement, particularly in the case of
missionaries, and restrictions on the freedom of expression. These practices,
which are inconsistent with the provisions of the Declaration, have been
reported in many countries varying considerably in geographical situation,
size and economic and social system. The Special Rapporteur referred earlier
(see chap. II, sect. A above) to the allegations relating more specifically to
certain countries, the substance of which he has conveyed to the Governments
concerned. While, therefore, the general situation remains disturbing, it
should be noted that certain individual cases give grounds for some optimism.
For example, it was learnt during the period covered by this report that a
number of prisoners detained for religious reasons in the Soviet Union have
been released; similarly, the political changes in Burundi seem to have led
to an easing of tension in relations between Church and State and a halt to
religious persecution.