A/HRC/30/54 80. Costa Rica highlighted its Pact for an Accessible and Inclusive Country, a programme aiming to address the double vulnerability of persons with disabilities who also belonged to other vulnerable groups, including indigenous peoples. 81. Paraguay identified programmes to address gender-based violence as well as extensive community centres, some of which were aimed at urban indigenous peoples. 82. The questionnaire posed the following question to indigenous peoples: “Have any particular measures been taken to promote and protect the rights of indigenous women, youth, children, elders, persons with disabilities and any other vulnerable groups (such as LGBT persons)? If yes, please provide details. If not, please outline any plans to develop measures relating to these groups.” 83. Responses were very general, without a specific focus on indigenous peoples suffering from discrimination on multiple grounds. I. Participation of indigenous peoples in the development and implementation of legislative, policy or administrative measures that affect them 84. The questionnaire posed the following question to States and indigenous peoples: “To what extent do indigenous peoples themselves participate in the development and implementation of legislative, policy, or administrative measures that affect them? Is their free, prior and informed consent required by law?” 85. The Expert Mechanism has examined the role of participation in the implementation of the Declaration, including the principle of free, prior and informed consent. In its study on participation in decision-making, the Expert Mechanism noted that specific laws and policies could lead to the effective implementation of this principle (A/HRC/18/42, para. 63). 86. Peru had carried out 19 consultation processes with indigenous peoples, of which 8 had so far resulted in agreements. The issues addressed in those consultations included environmental monitoring, participation in oversight bodies and employment. Peru had also organized an international seminar on prior consultation in the hydrocarbon sector to provide a comparative approach and lessons learned. 87. Through the Permanent Commission for Dialogue (Mesa Permanente de Concertación), the National Government of Colombia consulted with indigenous peoples regarding all administrative and legislative measures that could affect them. There was also a Constitutional Court judgment (T-129 of 2011) establishing exceptional cases in which free, prior and informed consent of indigenous peoples must be sought. These included projects that would involve the displacement of indigenous communities, the storage of toxic waste on indigenous lands, or a high social, cultural or environmental impact on the community. 88. Chile explained that there were national representative bodies of indigenous peoples that were consulted when laws and policies were developed. In Paraguay, a legislative bill was currently being studied that would ensure effective participation of indigenous peoples in development projects that could have negative impacts on their way of life, their lands and the environment. In Guatemala, there was currently a bill on consultation with indigenous peoples before Congress. 89. Costa Rica cited its ratification of ILO Convention No. 169, and the fact that domestic legislation required free, prior and informed consent in line with this international instrument. 12