A/72/291 IV. Conclusions and recommendations 77. The Special Rapporteur is grateful to all States and other organizations for the information provided on the measures implemented pursuant to General Assembly resolution 71/179. He also appreciates the contributions received from civil society actors. He recalls the importance of full cooperation with his mandate, which was extended most recently by Human Rights Council resolution 34/35. 78. The Special Rapporteur notes that some submissions referred to the phenomena identified in resolution 71/179 and to the proliferation of extreme right-wing groups. Some referred specifically to a rise of anti-Semitic acts and rhetoric, which is of great concern. Others stressed that no such phenomena existed within their borders. The Special Rapporteur wishes to reiterate that the human rights and democratic challenges posed by extremist political parties, including populist movements and groups, are universal and no country is immune to them. He calls upon States and all other stakeholders to increase their vigilance and be proactive in strengthening efforts and political will to recognize and effectively address those challenges. 79. The Special Rapporteur also reiterates that any commemorative celebration of the Nazi regime, its allies and related organizations, whether official or unofficial, should be prohibited and the prohibition enforced effectively. The Special Rapporteur recalls paragraph 15 of resolution 71/179, in which the General Assembly stressed that such manifestations do injustice to the memory of the countless victims of crimes against humanity committed in the Second World War, in particular those committed by the SS organization and by those who fought against the anti-Hitler coalition and collaborated with the Nazi movement, and may negatively influence children and young people, and that failure by States to effectively address such practices was incompatible with the obligations of States Members of the United Nations under its Charter. 80. In that regard, the Special Rapporteur recalls his condemnation of any manifestation of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities on the basis of ethnic origin or religious belief. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned about the continued scapegoating of vulnerable groups, including migrants, asylum seekers and ethnic minority groups. Such forms of discourse remain powerful tools for politicians whose goal is to mobilize the masses to the detriment of social cohesion and human rights. The continued uncensored and unpunished expressions of supremacist, anti-Semitic and hateful opinions by some political leaders may be an indicator that societies are growing dangerously and increasingly tolerant of hate speech and extremist ideas. 81. The Special Rapporteur recalls recommendations made in several of his previous reports to the Human Rights Council (see A/HRC/23/24, A/HRC/26/50, A/HRC/29/47, A/HRC/32/49 and A/HRC/35/42) and to the General Assembly (see A/68/329, A/69/334, A/70/321 and A/71/325) and wishes to reiterate that those recommendations remain valid in the present context. A. Political measures 82. The Special Rapporteur calls upon States and all stakeholders to counter extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo-Nazis, skinhead groups and similar extremist ideological movements. Greater vigilance from all relevant actors is therefore important and requires a 17-13411 17/21