A/HRC/21/54 36. In Peru, the Declaration was explicitly invoked by the Minister of Education in the creation of the National Commission on Intercultural Bilingual Education (CONEIB). Peru has also passed a law on Intercultural Bilingual Education, which aims to recognize cultural diversity and promote intercultural bilingual education in regions inhabited by indigenous peoples. Peruvian law also recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous peoples to conditions of education equal to the rest of the nation. The Minister of Education is to design and implement a national plan for intercultural bilingual education. Indigenous peoples are to participate in the formulation and implementation of these education programs. 37. Chile identified programmes for the teaching and learning of indigenous languages and cultures in the nation’s schools. The Constitution of Guyana provides protection of indigenous peoples right “to protection, preservation and promulgation of their languages, cultural heritage and way of life.” The Constitution of Iraq guarantees an Iraqi individual’s right to education in his or her mother tongue. 38. The Constitution of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic recognizes the Lao language as the official language and dialect of the country. However, in day-to-day life, each ethnic group is free to preserve and use its dialect in family and community for the preservation of their culture and traditions. 39. In the Congo, the law guarantees collective and individual rights of indigenous peoples to their intellectual property relating to traditional knowledge. The law also protects cultural, religious and spiritual property. 5. Non-discrimination and equality 40. Several States indicated that their constitutions provide for non-discrimination and equality, such as the Chilean Constitution. The Guyana Constitution also prohibits discrimination on the basis of race. 41. Some States indicated that the principle of equality prohibited States from treating any one group differently from another group. The Constitution of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic stipulates that all Lao citizens are equal before the law. According to the Government, in accordance with the principle of equality, every ethnic group is special and therefore no one is more special than any other group, which has contributed to peace and harmony and solidarity among Lao’s multi-ethnic peoples. 6. Lands, territories and resources; 42. Several States mentioned processes under way to demarcate and title indigenous peoples’ lands. A few States referenced the collective nature of these titles. Several States indicated that indigenous peoples have certain governmental authority or jurisdiction over their lands. 43. Bolivia is strengthening the process of land redistribution and community selfmanagement. Bolivia has also published and distributed an Atlas of Indigenous Territories. Chile relaunched mechanisms to transfer land to indigenous peoples in transparent and objective conditions. The collective property rights of indigenous peoples in the Republic of Congo are protected by the law. 44. France identified the creation of the Guyana Amazonian Park in French Guiana as providing protection to indigenous peoples in the area to maintain and preserve their subsistence practices, as well as preserving the natural resources they exploit. 45. In Guyana, the 2003 Constitution provides protection over property, including Amerindian property. Under the Amerindian Act 2006, Amerindians are granted title to their lands absolutely and forever. Titling and demarcation of Amerindian villages must 9