A/RES/66/168 further the role that these rights can play in the fight against all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief; 5. Recognizes with deep concern the overall rise in instances of intolerance and violence, regardless of the actors, directed against members of many religious and other communities in various parts of the world, including cases motivated by Islamophobia, anti-Semitism and Christianophobia; Strongly condemns any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes 6. incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, whether it involves the use of print, audio-visual or electronic media or any other means; Expresses concern at the persistence of institutionalized social 7. intolerance and discrimination practised against many on the grounds of religion or belief, and emphasizes that legal procedures pertaining to religious or belief-based groups and places of worship are not a prerequisite for the exercise of the right to manifest one’s religion or belief and that such procedures, when legally required at the national or local level, should be non-discriminatory in order to contribute to the effective protection of the right of all persons to practise their religion or belief, either individually or in community with others and in public or private; Recognizes with concern the situation of persons in vulnerable situations, 8. including persons deprived of their liberty, refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons, children, persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and migrants, as regards their ability to freely exercise their right to freedom of religion or belief; Emphasizes that States have an obligation to exercise due diligence to 9. prevent, investigate and punish acts of violence against persons belonging to religious minorities, regardless of the perpetrator, and that failure to do so may constitute a human rights violation; 10. Also emphasizes that no religion should be equated with terrorism, as this may have adverse consequences on the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief of all members of the religious communities concerned; 11. Deplores the continued existence of instances of religious intolerance, as well as emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief, inter alia: (a) Instances of intolerance and violence directed against members of many religious minorities and other communities in various parts of the world; (b) Incidents of religious hatred, discrimination, intolerance and violence, which may be manifested by the derogatory stereotyping, negative profiling and stigmatization of persons based on their religion or belief; (c) Attacks on or destruction of religious places, sites and shrines in violation of international law, in particular human rights and humanitarian law, as they have more than material significance for the dignity and lives of members of communities holding spiritual or religious beliefs; (d) Instances, both in law and practice, that constitute violations of the fundamental right to freedom of religion or belief, including of the individual right to publicly express one’s spiritual and religious beliefs, taking into account the relevant articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,1 as well as other international instruments; 3