A/78/538 (e) Improve access to justice and other forms of remedy for cases of online racist hate speech that amount to incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence and have led to harm to those from targeted racial and ethnic groups, by prioritizing access to judicial mechanisms, whenever possible. States should consider targeted action to address the barriers to access to justice and remedy, including the lack of awareness of rights and remedy mechanisms, low residual trust in law enforcement and public institutions and fear of reprisals; (f) Enable the meaningful participation of those from racial and ethnic groups in the design, development and monitoring of all measures to prevent and address online hate speech; (g) Invest in research and the collection and coordination of data, disaggregated by race, colour, descent, national origin, ethnic origin and/or religion, on the drivers, prevalence, perpetrators, victims and impact of online racist hate speech. In this respect, the Special Rapporteur recalls calls made by previous mandate holders to adopt an approach to data that is grounded in human rights, by ensuring disaggregation, self-identification, transparency, privacy, participation and accountability in the collection and storage of data; (h) Significantly invest in initiatives focused on counterspeech, public awareness campaigns, education, community projects and steps to build societal support for plurality, based upon research and data on the societal drivers of online racist hate speech; (i) Organize human rights-based training for relevant public officials, including civil servants, law enforcement officials and the judiciary, on the international human rights law standards relevant to preventing and addressing online racist hate speech; (j) Consider developing community support projects and access to psychosocial services for cases where those from racial and ethnic groups have experienced adverse outcomes as a result of exposure to online racist hate speech. 63. The Special Rapporteur recommends that companies that provide digital platforms: (a) Ensure the integration of human rights into product design and conduct periodic reviews of the impact of products on human rights, drawing upon the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and other relevant international human rights law standards. In this process, companies should be mindful of the risks of a race-neutral approach and algorithm bias, and take active and specifically targeted steps to ensure the compliance of their products with equality and non-discrimination standards in international human rights law; (b) Align their policies on hate speech and content moderation with international human rights norms and standards, including the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Rabat Plan of Action; (c) Consider measures to ensure the meaningful participation of those from racial and ethnic groups in the design, development and monitoring of products and policies relevant to online racist hate speech; (d) Ensure clarity and transparency about the scope and implementation of their policies on hate speech and content moderation; 23-20290 21/22