A/CONF.189/PC.1/7 page 51 102 The Greek Constitution, promulgated “in the name of the holy, consubstantial and indivisible trinity”, lays down in article 5 the principle that “the dominant religion … is that of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Christ”. 103 The black minorities are found in the south of the country; they are Christians and animists and represent about 25 per cent of the population. The Copt minority (numbering 150,000-200,000) is found in the north of the country, which is inhabited by a majority of Arabic-speaking Muslims. 104 See also Commission on Human Rights resolution 1999/15 of 23 April 1999. 105 See, in particular, article 12 of the Decree, on the armed forces’ duty of “jihad”, which raises questions about the role of non-Muslims in the army (see A/51/542/Add.2, paras. 38 and 135). Similarly, article 61 of the Decree, on the application of Shariah law by judges, makes no exceptions for non-Muslims. 106 The provisions on religious offences (hudud) in the Penal Code of 1991 seem to be applied on a territorial rather than a religious basis, which means that the Shariah can be legally imposed on ethnic and religious groups in the north of the country (see A/51/542/Add.2, para. 44). 107 Viet Nam is a multi-ethnic (53 ethnic groups) and multi-denominational country: Buddhists (80 per cent), Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Cao Dai and Hoa Hao. 108 This article is aimed especially at the restrictions relating to the “State policies” provided for, in particular, by article 4, on the position of Marxist-Leninist ideology and the Communist party of Viet Nam. Moreover, the Penal Code provides penalties for particularly vaguely worded offences that might concern ethnic and religious groups: attempts to undermine national unity, promoting division between religious believers and non-believers (art. 81), propaganda against the socialist system (art. 82), disturbing the peace (art. 198), exercise of superstitious practices or divination and abuse of religion (art. 199). 109 Protestants have been in Viet Nam since the arrival of American missionaries in 1911, and now number 700,000. 110 Views of the Human Rights Committee dated 26 March 1990 (Report of the Human Rights Committee, vol. II, A/45/40) on historical inequities and certain more recent events (oil and gas exploration) that threaten the way of life and culture of the Lake Lubicon Band, in violation of the rights of minorities (article 27 of the Covenant); see Revue universelle des droits de l’homme, 28 March 1991, No. 3, p. 69 ff. 111 112 Views of the Human Rights Committee dated 26 March 1990, para. 32.2. Including the denial of access to traditional burial grounds or other special places (Views, para. 3.7); see also ibid., para. 29. 5.