A/HRC/48/77 Greece 39. The Government of Greece reported that the number of incidents with characteristics indicating that a racist motive was probable had increased between 2018 and 2019, due in part to the enhanced ability of prosecutors and police authorities to identify and detect crimes involving racism. In October 2020, the Athens appeals court had convicted the General Secretary of the Golden Dawn, a far-right political party in Greece, and several former Members of Parliament who belonged to that group, for leading and participating in a criminal organization. 40. The Government referred to Law No. 4356/2015, by which it had established the National Council against Racism and Intolerance, composed of representatives of the State and civil society organizations. The National Council had developed the National Action Plan against Racism and Intolerance covering the period 2020–2023, and would be responsible for monitoring its implementation. 41. Article 82a of the Penal Code (as amended by Law No. 4619/2019) stipulated that a crime with racist characteristics had been committed if the victim was selected on the basis of his or her race, colour, nationality or ethnicity, genealogical descent, religion, disability, sexual orientation, identity or gender. Article 184.2 of the Penal Code criminalized acts that incited the commission of crimes against, violence against or discord against a group or a person identified on the basis of race, colour, national or ethnic origin, genealogical descent, religion, disability, sexual orientation, identity or gender characteristics. Article 2 of Law No. 927/1979 (as amended by Law No. 4285/14) criminalized any action aimed at condoning, trivializing or maliciously denying the existence or seriousness of crimes of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, the Holocaust and Nazi crimes. An aggravating circumstance applied when such behaviour could incite violence or hatred against, or was threatening or abusive towards, a specific group or its members. A guide for victims of racist crimes had been prepared and disseminated among relevant actors, including civil society organizations. 42. Greece had adopted, on 8 November 2019, the working definitions of antisemitism and Holocaust denial formulated by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, and had appointed a special envoy to monitor and combat antisemitism and safeguard the memory of the Holocaust. Hungary 43. The Government of Hungary reported that article XV of the Fundamental Law contained the principle of equal treatment. Hungary had declared a zero-tolerance policy against antisemitism. In addition to ensuring a comprehensive legal framework aimed at providing protection for the Jewish community through several laws, including the Fundamental Law, the Criminal Code, the Civil Code and the Media Act, the Government had endorsed the working definition of antisemitism formulated by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. 44. According to a 2018 survey conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Hungary was one of the safest countries in Europe for members of Jewish communities. The results of the regular monitoring activity of the Action and Protection Foundation, carried out in cooperation with the Government of Hungary, had indicated that the number of antisemitic incidents in the country had decreased over the past 10 years. 45. In January 2012, the police had set up an independent system of experts on hate crime. A guidance system created at the national level involved cooperation with the Working Group against Hate Crimes, established in 2012 by Hungarian non-governmental organizations, in order to combat hate crimes more effectively. The definition of indicators to identify intolerance and hate motivation had been highly effective. Iraq 46. The Government of Iraq stated that there were no Nazi or neo-Nazi groups or movements in the country. However, as of mid-2014, Da’esh terrorist groups had emerged 8