International cooperation to address and counter the world drug problem A/RES/72/198 12. Urges Member States to address the relevant socioeconomic factors that relate to the world drug problem through a comprehensive, integrated and balanced approach that incorporates drug policies in a broader socioeconomic development agenda, in compliance with the three international drug control conventions; 13. Invites Member States to consider strengthening a development perspective as part of comprehensive, integrated and balanced national drug policies and programmes so as to tackle the related causes and consequences of the illicit cultivation, manufacture and production of and trafficking in drugs by, inter alia, addressing risk factors affecting individuals, communities and society, which may include a lack of services, infrastructure needs, drug -related violence, exclusion, marginalization and social disintegration, in order to contribute to the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies; 14. Encourages the development of viable economic alternatives, particularly for communities affected by or at risk of illicit cultivation of drug crops and other illicit drug-related activities in urban and rural areas, including through comprehensive alternative development programmes, and to this end encourages Member States to consider development-oriented interventions, while ensuring that both men and women benefit equally from them, including through job opportunities, improved infrastructure and basic public services and, as appropriate, access and legal titles to land for farmers and local communities, which will also contribute to preventing, reducing or eliminating illicit cultivation and other drug -related activities; 15. Emphasizes the need to strengthen, including through the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and, as appropriate, its subsidiary bodies, the regula r exchange of information, good practices and lessons learned among national practitioners from different fields and at all levels to effectively implement an integrated and balanced approach to the world drug problem and its various aspects and the need t o consider additional measures to further facilitate meaningful discussion among those practitioners; 16. Reiterates its call to mainstream a gender perspective into and ensure the involvement of women in all stages of the development, implementation, mo nitoring and evaluation of drug policies and programmes, to develop and disseminate gender sensitive and age-appropriate measures that take into account the specific needs and circumstances faced by women and girls with regard to the world drug problem and , as States parties, implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; 12 17. Requests the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue to support Member States, upon request, in mainstreaming a gender perspe ctive in their policies and programmes related to the world drug problem, and invites the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN -Women) and other relevant United Nations entities, within their mandates, to cooperate with the Office in this regard; 18. Urges Member States to increase the availability, coverage and quality of scientific evidence-based prevention measures and tools that target relevant age and risk groups in multiple settings, reaching youth in school as well as out of school, among others, through drug abuse prevention programmes and public awareness raising campaigns, including by using the Internet, social media and other online platforms, to develop and implement prevention curricula and early intervent ion programmes for use in the education system at all levels, as well as in vocational __________________ 12 17-23200 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378. 7/21